臺灣農業生物科技產業間相對經營效率之研究

A study on Relative Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Biotechnology industry in Taiwan

黃崇瑋(Chung-Wei Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳政位

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2007.00116

摘要

生物科技產業是全世界一致認定為「二十一世紀國際化的明星產業」；而生技產業擁有低污染、投入大量資本、高素質的生技人才、高經濟報酬、高研發費用等特色，在臺灣進入世界貿易組織(WTO)之後，傳統的農業政策將面臨嚴重的挑戰。對於21世紀農業的發展，除了要滿足基本消費者的需求，它還必須擁有全球的競爭力以及維護生態環境的功能。因此，無論是從全球的趨勢還是國家戰略或產業發展的角度看，運用農業生物科技可促使臺灣農業持續的發展。
本文旨在實證當前臺灣農業生技產業之經營效率，並探討導致農生技廠商無效率的主要因素。以萬鍾汶、林妙瓀（2003-2005）農業生物科技產業調查所得資料，應用資料包絡法（DEA），設定勞動、資本及研發三項為投入，產值與專利權為產出，分別估算臺灣農業生技產業的技術效率，亦將技術效率（CCR效率）進一步區分為純粹技術效率（BCC效率）與規模效率，除了效率值比較和衍生的相關討論外，還進行產業間的效率分析與敏感度分析，還進行差額變數與敏感度分析，最後則是營業額與經營效率之比較。
實證結果顯示，就效率而言，技術效率值愈高，表示其對於投入要素能有效運用，以達到產出極大化的目標。
一、DEA估得之平均技術效率0.587。故整體而言，目前我們新設農業生技產業的技術效率是偏低的情形，究其原因多數為純粹技術效率偏低，建議業者宜專注於提升本業經營能力，以求純技術效率值的改善。
二、在產業間的DEA實證結果，規模效率以物種苗生技及食品生技相對表現較不佳。純技術效率以水產養殖、畜禽生技、生物性肥料、生物性農藥以及其他表現較不佳。
三、就差額變數分析方面，針對無效率產業，建議在投入與產出數量上，應做目標改善。
四、在敏感度分析方面，三個年度皆以研發經費與專利權對效率變化之影響程度最高，顯示員研發經費與專利權對農業生物科技產業的影響極距。
五、從營業額與經營效率之比較分析得知，營業額普遍不高，可能是公司開發的產品未能符合市場的需求。

關鍵字

農業生物科技 ； 效率 ； 資絡包絡分析法 ； 差額變數分析 ； 敏感度分析

並列摘要

The biotechnology industry is recognized by the whole world as an international star industry for the next 21st. It owns the characteristics of low pollution, large capitals, high-quality talents, high economic return, and high R&D expenses. After Taiwan enters the World Trade Organization (WTO), traditional agricultural policies will be faced with serious challenges. Agricultural development in the 21st century, besides satisfying traditional consumer needs, it must also provide global competitiveness and maintain the ecology of the environment in order to achieve sustainable development. Yet the key to all this is the advancement of technology. Hence, whether considering it from a global trend, national strategy, or industrial development standpoint, developing agricultural biotechnology applications will be the road that Taiwan's sustainable agricultural development must follow.
This thesis examined the administrative efficiency of present Taiwan’s agricultural biotechnology industry, and gauge the main factor of causing agricultural biotechnology industry inefficiency. We used the data of agricultural biotechnology start-ups from Wann & Lin's (2003-2005) survey, and both applied data envelopment analysis (DEA), chose labor, capital and R&D expenses/investments as the inputs, production value and patent as the output estimated technical efficiency (CCR efficiency) of Taiwan’s agricultural biotechnology industry separately. Furthermore, CCR efficiency is divided into pure technical efficiency (BCC efficiency) and scale efficiency. Besides the comparison of these efficiencies and the discussion about related content, slack analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Finally, the comparison of business volume and operating efficiency is conducted
Since the result indicates when input factors are managed efficiently, that will generate the higher technical efficiency value.
1. The average TE of DEA is 0.587. On the whole, the TE is low for the agricultural biotechnology industry, and concerning the whole industry, lower efficiency of the industry is mostly caused by pure technological inefficiency, It is suggested that the managers should take more care in improving the ability of operation.
2.As to DEA result for industry, the plant biotech industry and food biotechnology industry have worse performance for scale efficiency. Aquacultural biotechnology industry、livestock biotechnology industry、animal vaccines industry、biofertilizer industry and biopesticides and others industry have better performance for pure technical efficiency．
3. According to the results of slack variable analysis, we seggest manager to improve these inefficiency branches through the improvement of inputs and outputs.
4.Regarding sensitivity analysis, the R&D expenses/investments and patent played a main part in efficiency variation of both 2003 to 2005. It showed that the the R&D expenses/investments and patent are crucial factors for the production efficiency of the agricultural biotechnology industry.
5.The business volume and operating efficiency indicates that have not managed the star industry with high efficiency and with also good business volume.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural Biotechnology ； Efficiency ； Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) ； slack variables analysis ； sensitivity analysis

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