水苔、椰纖混合介質及添加緩效性肥料對蝴蝶蘭生育之影響

Effects of Sphagnum Moss, Coir Mix Medium and Enriched Slow Released Fertilizers on the Growth of Phalaenopsis

游富鈴(Fu-Lin Yu)

指導教授 ： 李哖

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00146

摘要

摘要（Summary）
台灣現在外銷的蝴蝶蘭主要以水苔栽培，其來源有從紐西蘭、智利及中國大陸進口者，品質各有不同，其壓實度亦影響其生長，水苔生育緩慢，對養分吸附不佳（Kubota, 1993）。混合椰纖及添加緩效性肥料對生育之影響探討甚少。研究對中、大苗蝴蝶蘭生育、開花品質及葉片礦物營養的關係，以期能降低介質成本及獲得穩定之栽培品質。
紐西蘭、智利、中國水苔栽種H89406、H89501、H89752之7.5cm盆，用60g、90g水苔種植生長量較高，10.5cm盆用150g水苔種植H89501、H89752，生長量及花朵壽命均較75g水苔種植提高。三種壓實度種植大白花蝴蝶蘭，EC、礦物元素含量隨壓實度提昇，增加水苔至90g、225g則效果不顯著，三來源水苔以紐西蘭及智利栽培較佳。
水苔依容積比2：1混合椰纖、椰粉、人造土、發泡煉石，與全水苔種植比較，混合介質均有提高pH值及EC值之效果，混合椰粉在兩年度生長量及開花數均較全水苔種植高。比較水苔及混合不同粒徑椰纖對7.5cm換至10.5cm盆蝴蝶蘭H90408、90758生長及開花的影響，混合介質灌溉後含水率下降較快，除裸根種植椰塊生長較差外，其他處理皆生長良好，植株鮮重、葉面積及開花數均較全水苔種植提高，顯示在培育10.5cm盆階段，可混合椰纖種植。
以Peters20-10-20(1g/L)肥料水灌溉與在水苔中添加Osmocote或Hi-control(1g/L)緩效性肥料兼施肥料水比較，添加緩效性肥料使介質EC值上升，pH值下降，生長量及葉面積增加，介質及葉片中氮及磷含量明顯提昇，但花朵壽命略短於單施液肥者。單獨施用Osmocote（2g/L）EC值提高、pH值下降，生長量低於單施液肥，建議蝴蝶蘭養分供應仍以施用液肥較佳，緩效性肥料為輔。

關鍵字

椰纖 ； 蝴蝶蘭 ； 水苔

並列摘要

Summary
Sphagnum moss which was widely used as potting media of Phalaenopsis in Taiwan was mainly imported from New Zealand, Chile and China. It’s quality was different between theses three sources, and compactness in pot as media could affect plant’s growth. Hence, the source of sphagnum moss on growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis were investigated. Comparison on the growth of Phalaenopsis with 3 sphagnum moss sources and 3 compactness were determined. Environmental and economical concerns had interested in the development of substitutes to sphagnum moss, under the conditions of this study, coir-based was also used in this study. Owing to improved mineral nutriton in media, enriched slow-released fertilizer in sphagnum moss were examed.
Three sources were New Zealand, Chile, and China. Comparison of 3 sources and 3 compactness on growth of H89406, H89501 and H89752 after transplanting from 4.5cm to 7.5cm pot for five months. Fresh mass and leaf area of plants in 60g and 90 was greater than that of those in 30g, but was not effected by source. H89501 and H89752 transplanted from 7.5 to 10.5 cm pot with 3 sources and 2 compactness sphagnum moss. Media had no effect on leaf area during the first year, but was increased with compactness during the second year. Leachate from 150g and 225g sphagnum moss grown with Phal. Taisuco Kaaladian 〝Hou〞 had higher EC and lower pH than 75g sphagnum moss.
H89501 and H89752 were grown in six potting media The six media included 1):sphagnum moss(M)45g; 2):sphagnum moss 90g; 3)2M:1coirdust; 4)2M:1coir fibre; 5)2M:1LECA; 6)2M:1synthetic fibre. During the first year 2 media(sphagnum moss 90g, 2M:1coirdust ) had greater fresh mass and flower. Leachate in both of the media had higher EC and lower pH than others. During the second flowering season, 2M:1coirdust has the most flower count.
H90408 and H90758 were planted in sphagnum moss and coir-based media after transplanting from 7.5cm to 10.5cm pot under two types(with or without original sphagnum moss). After 9 months , plants grown in the moss-coir medium resulted in plants heavier shoot fresh mass and greater flower count. Plants in coconut husk without original media had fewer fresh mass and flower count than others. Water content in media decreased obviously in coir based media than moss-coir by days after fertigation. Leachate from moss/coir after fertigation had the lower pH and higher EC than irrigation.
Enriched slow-release fertilizer in sphagnum moss on growth of H89501 and H89752 for 5 months. Plant were fertigated at each irrigation with a soluble 20N-10P-20K fertilizer (1g/L).With given slow-release fertilizer, plant had heavier fresh mass. Leachate from media after fertigation had higher EC, P and K. Mineral nutrients in the second mature acropetal leaves, N and P were higher than plants grown in only fertigarion. Phal. amabilis grown in only enrich-slow released fertilizer had fewer fresh mass, leaf count and increased leaf area than plant grown in fertigation or both fertigation and enrich-release fertilizer.

並列關鍵字

coir ； Phalaenopsis ； sphagnum moss

參考文獻

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