硼對小果番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 裂果之影響

番茄 (Solanum lycopersicum) 為一重要世界蔬菜作物。臺灣氣候高溫多雨，因此常見番茄發生裂果 (fruit cracking) 現象。由於鈣與硼為果實中膠層之重要元素，因此本研究探討給予小果番茄不同濃度硼肥養液以及果面噴施氯化鈣 (CaCl2) 或硼酸 (H3BO3) 對於果實裂果與品質之影響。2013年冬季硼試驗顯示養液施用不同硼濃度 (0, 30, 60, 90 μM) 並不顯著影響各品種裂果率，但‘臺南亞蔬十九號’隨著養液硼濃度的提高，裂果率有下降的趨勢。2014年冬季硼試驗顯示養液不論施用何種硼濃度 (0, 15, 30, 60 μM)，整體裂果率都明顯低於2013年，推測因此看不出硼處理的效果。果實品質指標多不受養液硼濃度處理所影響。果實亮度、色相角等外觀指標雖在不同養液硼濃度處理間具有差異性，但差異在不同年度間結果略有不同。2014年夏季果面施肥試驗中，果面噴施硼酸可降低‘臺南亞蔬十九號’與‘臺南亞蔬十一號’之裂果率，且不影響果實硬度、色相角、彩度、總可溶性固型物含量、酸度、抗壞血酸含量。雖說上述結果後續仍需於更多年度與場所進行研究再次證實，但說明果面噴施硼酸可望做為減緩裂果徵狀之一方法。

關鍵字

裂果；硼；鈣；小果番茄

並列摘要

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop in the world. The weather in Taiwan is hot and rainy, so that fruit cracking is a common phenomenon found in tomato. Because calcium and boron are the major elements in the fruit middle lamella, this research investigated the effects of different concentrations of boron in the nutrient solution and fruit-spraying with calcium chloride (CaCl2) or boric acid (H3BO3) on fruit cracking and quality of cherry tomato. The boron test during 2013 winter revealed that different boron concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 μM) in nutrient solution did not significantly change the fruit cracking incidence in all cultivars, but fruit cracking percentage had trended down in ‘Tainan ASVEG#19’ when boron concentration in nutrient solution was increased. The boron test during 2014 winter revealed that no matter which boron concentration (0, 15, 30, 60 μM) in nutrient solution, the overall fruit cracking incidence was lower than 2013, and it would be the reason why the boron effect cannot be discerned in 2014. Most fruit quality indexes were not affected by the boron concentration in nutrient solution. Although fruit appearances index such as L* and hue angle varied among different boron concentrations in nutrient solution, the results were slightly inconsistent between two years. The fruit-spraying test during 2014 summer revealed that fruit-spraying with boric acid can reduced fruit cracking incidence in ‘Tainan ASVEG#19’ and ‘Tainan ASVEG#11’ and did not affect the fruit firmness, hue angle, chroma, total soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acid content and vitamin C content. Above results showed that fruit-spraying with boric acid could be one approach to alleviate fruit cracking incidence even though it still need further research in more years and locations to prove it.