不同肥料、溫度及水分對香蜂草生長及抗氧化力之影響

Effects of Fertilizer, Temperature and Water on Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Melissa officinalis L.

王宏遠(Hong-Yuan Wang)

指導教授 ： 張育森

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201702567

摘要

本文藉由探討不同氮磷鉀比例肥料、栽培溫度及灌溉程度對香蜂草生長及抗氧化力的影響進而找出兼顧產量及抗氧化力的栽培方式。
將檸檬香蜂草(Melissa officinalis L.)及黃金檸檬香蜂草(Melissa officinalis L.‘All Gold’)分別施用氮磷鉀比例為Peters20-20-20、30-10-10、10-30-20、15-10-30( Scott, Marysville, Ohio, USA)的四種化學肥料稀釋1000倍處理30天。每處理各6重複，1盆為1重複。於試驗進行期間每5天調查1次株高、葉片數、節間長度、葉綠素計讀值與葉綠素螢光。於試驗第15天和試驗結束，以破壞性方法分別調查地上部鮮重、乾重並進行抗氧化力分析。將生長調查與破壞性指標進行對照顯示無論處理15天或是30天，30-10-10處理能對兩品種香蜂草的產量及植株總酚含量均有較佳效果。然而以抗氧化目的作為生產目標以及考量到生產的成本，建議選擇檸檬香蜂草作為栽培品種。以30-10-10氮磷鉀比例肥料施用後15天作為建議採收時間，以期達到較佳抗氧化力之檸檬香蜂草生產。
將檸檬香蜂草及黃金檸檬香蜂草分別置於日/夜溫20℃/15℃、25℃/20℃、30℃/25℃、35℃/30℃四種處理30天。每處理各6重複，1盆為1重複。於試驗進行期間每5天調查1次株高、葉片數、節間長度、葉綠素計讀值與葉綠素螢光。於試驗第15天和試驗結束，以破壞性方法分別調查地上部鮮重、乾重並進行抗氧化力分析。無論是處理15天或是30天，日夜溫30℃/25℃處理能檸檬香蜂草和黃金檸檬香蜂草的產量達到較大。然而若以抗氧化作為生產目的，則日夜溫30℃/25℃的栽培條件能使檸檬香蜂草具有較佳抗氧化能力，而黃金檸檬香蜂草則以日夜溫35℃/30℃條件下具有較佳抗氧化能力。故若以產量著手進行香蜂草栽培生產推薦以檸檬香蜂草作為栽培品種，而栽培溫度及天數則建議日夜溫30℃/25℃條件下栽培30天。而若以抗氧化為生產目的則建議以黃金檸檬香蜂草作為栽培品種，栽培溫度及天數則建議為日夜溫35℃/30℃條件下栽培30天。
將檸檬香蜂草及黃金檸檬香蜂草分別以栽培介質的體積含水量60%、40%、30%及20%的4種濕度處理30天。每處理各6重複，1盆為1重複。於試驗進行期間每5天調查1次株高、葉片數、節間長度、葉綠素計讀值與葉綠素螢光。於試驗第15天和試驗結束，以破壞性方法分別調查地上部鮮重、乾重並進行抗氧化力分析。 無論是處理15天或是30天，30%處理能檸檬香蜂草和黃金檸檬香蜂草的產量達到較大。然而若以抗氧化作為生產目的，則介質濕度60%能使檸檬香蜂草具有較佳抗氧化能力，而黃金檸檬香蜂草則以介質濕度40%下具有較佳抗氧化能力。故若以產量著手進行香蜂草栽培生產推薦以檸檬香蜂草作為栽培品種，而灌溉程度及天數則建議介質濕度60%條件下栽培30天。而若以抗氧化為生產目的則建議以檸檬香蜂草作為栽培品種，灌溉程度及天數則建議為介質濕度60%栽培30天。
本文中以不同氮磷鉀比例肥料、不同栽培溫度、不同介質濕度對檸檬香蜂草的生長與抗氧化進行探討，期能找出較佳的栽培方式。在肥料、栽培溫度及介質濕度對檸檬香蜂草產量及抗氧化物質的提升上，以肥料對香蜂草的產量及抗氧化力提升效果較佳。故未來在檸檬香蜂草的抗氧化生產上，推薦以30-10-10處理15天來進行檸檬香蜂草栽培生產。然而本文並未討論不同氮磷鉀比例肥料、不同栽培溫度及不同介質濕度因子間是否具有交互作用，或許在未來的檸檬香蜂草抗氧化研究上可以進行不同氮磷鉀比例肥料、不同栽培溫度及不同介質濕度間對香蜂草產量及抗氧化力的交互作用。

關鍵字

香蜂草 ； 抗氧化力分析 ； 總酚含量測定

並列摘要

In this thesis, the effects of different N, P, K ratio fertilizers, cultivation temperature and irrigation degree on the growth and antioxidant capacity of lemon balm(Melissa officinalis L.) and golden lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.'All Gold) were studied, and the cultivation methods of best yield and antioxidant capacity were found .
Lemon balm and golden lemon balm treated with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 20-20-20, 30-10-10, 10-30-20 , 15-10-30 (Scott, Marysville, Ohio, USA) Peters diluted 1000 times for 30 days. Each treatment had 6 replicates, 1 pot for 1 replicate. During the test, plant height, leaf number, internode length, chlorophyll meter reading value and chlorophyll fluorescence value were measured. At the 15th day and the end of the test, fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot were measured by destructive method, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed.The results indicated that both 30-10-10 treated for 15 days and 30 days had the most yield and total phenol content of plants on the two cultivars.As we regard the cost of production, it is recommended to choose lemon balm as the cultivar and apply 30-10-10 N, P, K ratio of fertilizer for 15 days in order to achieve the best antioxidant production.
The two cultivars of lemon balm were placed in the day / night temperature 20℃ / 15℃, 25℃ / 20℃, 30℃ / 25℃, 35℃ / 30℃ for 30 days. Each treatment had 6 replicates, 1 pot for 1 replicate. During the test, plant height, leaf number, internode length, chlorophyll meter reading value and chlorophyll fluorescence value were measured. At the 15th day and the end of the test, fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot were measured by destructive method, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed. No matter it is treated for 15 days or 30 days, day / night temperature at 30℃ / 25℃ treatment make lemon balm and gold lemon balm to achieve the maximum yield. However, if we choose antioxidant as the production purpose, the day / night temperature of 30℃ / 25℃ cultivation conditions can make lemon balm has the best antioxidant capacity, and for golden lemon balm is the day / night temperature at 35℃ / 30℃. Therefore, we recommend choosing lemon balm as the cultivar at day/ night temperature 30℃ / 25℃ cultivated for 30 days to achieve the maximum yield.And if the purpose of the production is for antioxidant, we recommend choosing golden lemon balm as the cultivar at day / night temperature 35℃ / 30℃ cultivated for 30 days.
The two cultivars of lemon balm were treated with different substrate moisture at 60%, 40%, 30% and 20% volume of substrate. Each treatment had 6 replicates, 1 pot for 1 replicate. During the test, plant height, leaf number, internode length, chlorophyll meter reading value and chlorophyll fluorescence value were measured. At the 15th day and the end of the test, fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot were measured by destructive method, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed. No matter it is treated for 15 days or 30 days, substrate moisture at 30% treatment can make lemon balm and golden lemon balm to achieve the maximum yield. However, if the production purpose is antioxidant, the substrate humidity of 60% can make lemon balm have the best antioxidant capacity. While for golden lemon balm, substrate moisture at 40% treatment makes it to have the best antioxidant capacity. Therefore, no matter the purpose of production is yield or antioxidant, we recommend choosing lemon balm as the cultivar, and cultivated at substrate humidity 60% for 30 days to achieve the most yield and the best antioxidant capacity.
In this thesis, the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizer, different cultivation temperature and different substrate humidity on growth and antioxidant activities of two lemon balm cultivars were studied, and the best cultivation method could be found out.In the case of enhancing the yield and antioxidant capacity of lemon balm, the result of fertilizer is the best.Therefore, it is recommended to choose lemon balm and apply 30-10-10 fertilizer for 15 days for antioxidant cultivation in the future. However, we do not discuss whether there is an interaction between different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizers, different cultivation temperature and different substrate humidity. Above all, it needs further research to find out whether there is an interaction between different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of fertilizer, different cultivation temperature and different substrate humidity on yield and antioxidant capacity of lemon balm.

並列關鍵字

lemon balm ； antioxidant capacity analysis ； total phenolic content

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