節能技術在建築及電動車輛應用之探討

Study on Energy Saving Technology in Building and Electric Vehicles Application

謝有源(Yu-Yuan Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 黃秉鈞

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/博士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201804319

摘要

通風(或換氣)與空調對人們在密閉空間的活動非常重要，換氣又影響空調系統耗能。本研究旨在探討如何降低空調耗能，研發新型節能換氣技術以及檢討換氣標準的修訂。
為降低空調耗電，本研究開發主動式局部冷卻節能技術，藉由對人體提供局部的冷卻效應，利用人體生理反應提高空調設定溫度，降低耗電，估計可以節省30%的耗電量。
為降低換氣對空調的耗能，本研究開發熱泵換氣機（HPFAE）利用熱泵將新鮮的室外空氣通過蒸發器冷卻後引進室內，再使室內排出的廢棄冷氣來冷卻熱泵的冷凝器，可使空調耗電降低(COP升高約10%)，並獲得新鮮換氣。
將上述節能換氣技術與局部冷卻技術加上隔熱技術運用在電動車上，可以降低約64%的入熱量，減少空調耗電71.1%，提升電動車的續航力。
本研究的熱泵節能換氣技術係採用強制送風方式，然而自然通風也是ㄧ種不耗能的重要換氣方式，本研究發展一個簡易的自然換氣量測試方法，可準確分析自然通風換氣量，提供密閉空間自然換氣量的快速檢測。
最後由於換氣影響空調耗能，在不同場所不同活動有不同需求。本研究針對ASHRAE Standard 62-2010的換氣量標準深入探討，並提出部分場所(如教室、會議室、多功能會議室、接待區及多用途會議室等)的外氣需求標準應做局部調整的改進意見，可以做到照顧人體健康並合理改善耗能，以達更能節能的目的。

關鍵字

節能設計 ； 局部冷卻 ； 熱泵換氣機 ； 自然通風

並列摘要

Ventilation (or air exchange) and air-conditioning are very important for people's activities in enclosed space. Air exchange affects the energy consumption of air-conditioning systems. This study aims to explore how to reduce energy consumption of air-conditioning and develop new energy-saving ventilation technologies, and review the revision of ventilation standards.
In order to reduce the power consumption of air conditioners, the study develops active spot cooling energy-saving technology to provide localized cooling effects for the human body, so that the human body feels cool without using too much cold air to adjust the air-conditioning setting temperature and reduce power consumption. It is estimated to save 30% of power consumption.
In order to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning for air exchange, the study develops heat pump fresh air exchanger(HPFAE) using a heat pump to cool the the fresh outdoor air through the evaporator and then introduce it into the room. Then, the indoor exhausted cold air is used to cool the condenser of the heat pump which reduces the power consumption of the air conditioner (approximately 10% increase in COP) and obtains fresh ventilation.
The above-mentioned energy-saving air exchange technology, spot cooling technology and thermal insulation technology are applied to electric vehicles, which can reduce the heat input by 64%, reduce air-conditioning power consumption by 71.1%, and increase the endurance of electric vehicles.
The heat pump energy-saving air exchange technology in the study uses the forced air supply method. However, natural ventilation is also an important air exchanged method that does not consume energy. In this study, a simple natural ventilation test method was developed to accurately analyze natural ventilation volume and provided a rapid detection of natural ventilation in enclosed spaces.
Finally, due to the effects of air exchange on energy consumption of air-conditioning, there are different requirements for different activities in different locations. This study conducted in-depth discussion of the ASHRAE Standard 62-2010, and proposed that the criteria of the external air demand for some sites (such as classrooms, conference rooms, multi-functional conference rooms, reception areas, and multi-purpose conference rooms, etc.) should be adjusted partially. The improvement suggestions can be taken care of human health and rationally improve energy consumption in order to achieve more energy-saving goals.

並列關鍵字

energy-saving design ； spot cooling ； HPFAE ； natural ventilation

參考文獻

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