以社區營造為基礎之休閒導向增殖放流研究

Stocking under leisure orientation based on community empowerment

張惟哲(Wei-Che Chang)

指導教授 ： 李英周

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00279

摘要

近年來漁業資源衰退，傳統漁業紛紛轉型為休閒式漁業以提高經濟效益，並利用增殖放流企圖達到強化資源量的效果，若以休閒為導向發展增殖放流工作應可提升經濟及資源復育的效果。以台灣黑鯛增殖放流為例，其多年放流效益不明，主要是因為標誌、放流、評估方法不適當以及缺乏結合社區營造的有效方法來進行回收，導致回收再捕資料數據不足所致，因此如何找出合適的標誌、放流、有效回收及評估方法有其必要性。有鑒於近年黑鯛放流頻繁，然對於社會及環境的效益仍然不明，因此本研究先針對黑鯛魚苗找出合適的標誌方法，之後利用放流試驗並結合社區營造的方法，將所獲得的標誌再捕資料，估算其放流魚的資源尾數與變方、死亡率、成長率和體長體重關係式，以了解放流魚在海域中的生存情形，再以放流貢獻率估值評估增殖放流對該海域黑鯛資源的貢獻成效，最後透過估算的服務產值與投資報酬率，比較初級漁業與休閒漁業間的效應差異。以建立社區營造為基礎之休閒導向增殖放流流程，以利於後續放流工作參考。本研究於2005年7月21日- 9月23日期間，利用飼料餵食四環黴素後噴發螢光粒子於魚體表層的雙重標誌法標誌了5.5-6.6公分的黑鯛魚苗約105,543尾後，放流於苗栗縣通霄鎮白沙屯漁港海域，隨後進行再捕回收。結果如下，
利用Petersen法估得2005-2008年間資源尾數估值介於 263,437 和 2,081,136尾之間 。放流貢獻率介於2.00 - 9.31% 之間，放流魚苗在海中三年後平均體長從約5.0 cm成長至30.6 cm，平均體重從約2.1 g成長至78.1 g。初級漁業的供給服務產值為1,069,200元，投資報酬率0.98倍。休閒漁業的文化服務產值為24,771,240元，投資報酬率44.87倍。綜合上述結果顯示四環黴素餵食加上螢光粒子噴發的雙重標誌是適合黑鯛魚苗的大量標誌法，利用雙重標誌試驗方法可成功獲得放流魚的存活率、資源量估值與變方、成長率、體長體重關係式、放流貢獻率以及放流效應，放流黑鯛魚苗在該海域可存活超過三年且穩定成長，以社區營造為基礎的增殖放流標誌試驗可獲得長期的回收再捕資料，若發展休閒導向的增殖放流將可提升放流魚苗的服務效益。

關鍵字

增殖放流 ； 雙重標誌 ； 社區營造 ； 休閒導向 ； 放流貢獻率

並列摘要

In recent years, the fishery resources were depleted in Taiwan. In order to enhance the fishery resources and to improve economic efficiency stocking fry into the sea were conducted for many years and many primary fisheries had transformed into leisure fisheries. Stocking black porgy fry have been used to enhance the natural fishery stocks in Taiwan for many years. In the past, the stocking contributions were rarely assessed due to the unsuitable marking, releasing, and estimating methods. Besides, the recovery works without based on community empowerment method may lead to insufficient recovery data. Therefore, this study try to find out the suitable marking methods and stocking procedure by marked and recaptured experiment based on community empowerment to estimated population size, individual growth, weight-to-length relationship and stocking contribution rate of stocking black porgy fry. Estimated the services output value and return on investment of primary fishery and leisure fishery. Finally, building the procedure of stocking under leisure orientation based on community empowerment for future stocking works. Between July and September 2005, 105,543 black porgy fry that were 5.5 to 6.6 cm in length were released into the sea in Northwestern Taiwan by spraying fluorescent pigment onto the skin of the fry after they were fed with oxytetracycline, creating a double mass-marking method.
The estimated number of individuals in the cohort population that was close to the released, marked size was between 263,437 and 2,081,136, and the estimated stocking contribution rate was between 2.00 and 9.31% from 2005 to 2008. The released fish grew from an initial length of approximately 5.0 cm (2.1 g) to a mean of 30.6 cm (578.1 g) between 2005 and 2008.The provisioning services output value and return on investment of stocking to primary fishery were NTD 1,069,200 and 0.98. The cultural services output value of stocking to leisure fishery and return on investment were NTD 24,771,240 and 44.87.
In this study, the double mass marking method was suitable for black porgy fry to conduct marked and recaptured study. The black porgy fry can survive in the sea for more than three years, and stable growth after releasing. The stocking based on community empowerment can obtain long-term recapture and recovery data. Developing the stocking under leisure orientation can enhance the service benefits for community.

並列關鍵字

Stocking ； Double mass marking ； Community empowerment ； Leisure orientation

參考文獻

Chang, W.C., Lee, Y.C., Shih, C.H., 2008. The determination of mass marking methods with high marks retention rate for hatchery-reared fry. J. Fish. Soc. Tai. 35 (2), 185–194.

Chang, W. C., Y. C. Lee and C. H. Shih. 2008. The determination of mass marking methods with high marks retention rate for hatchery-reared fry. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 35(2) : 185-194.

Kuo, C. L., T. C. Yu, C. C. Wu and R. H. Chen. 1989. Preliminary study on the effect of anchor tags on Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Fish Soc. Taiwan, 16(4): 231-237.

Anonymous。2008。民國97年漁業年報。行政院農委會漁業署。

呂榮琦。2009。探討降低黑鯛魚苗運輸緊迫及增加放流存活率之研究。臺灣大學漁業科學研究所。碩士論文。