臺灣高等教育擴張與學門選擇對男女薪資差異之影響

Impact of Taiwan's higher education expansion and field selection on the gender wage gap

吳昶陞(Chang-Sheng Wu)

指導教授 ： 黃芳玫

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農業經濟學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202202053

摘要

臺灣的高等教育在 20 世紀末期歷經了一系列的改革與擴張，讓女性 18-21 歲的高等教育淨在學率從 1989 年起，超越男性淨在學率。除此之外，性別薪資 差距也隨著高等教育擴張以及女性勞動參與的增加逐漸縮小。本文利用 1981 年 至 2020 年台灣地區「人力運用調查」(Taiwan Manpower Utilization Survey)，以 每五年之出生世代為觀察角度，研究不同主修學門的性別工資差距，探討臺灣 高等教育擴張對台灣專上性別薪資差異之影響，以及女性就職者自我選擇偏誤 對薪資差異之影響。
本文之實證結果顯示: (1) 即使男女勞工在進入勞動市場前選擇的是相同的 專業主修學門，但兩者的薪資仍然有差距，其中又以醫學門以及軍警學門最為 明顯。(2) 伴隨高等教育擴張，女性進入職場的選擇行為逐漸由負向選擇轉變 為正向，可見職場已由原本較多低教育程度女性勞工轉變為較多高等教育水準 的勞工。同時，性別薪資差距依然隨著世代以及年份的推移逐漸縮小，可見高 等教育擴張深具影響力。

關鍵字

性別薪資差異 ； 高等教育擴張 ； 薪資拆解 ； 科系選擇

並列摘要

Taiwan's higher education went through a series of reforms and expansions at the end of the 20th century, allowing the net enrollment rate of higher education for 18-21 year old to surpass the male net enrollment rate since 1989. In addition, the gender wage gap has declined with higher education expansion, and progress in gender equality awareness. Using the Taiwan Manpower Utilization Survey from 1981 to 2020, this paper studies the gender wage gap in different majors with five-year birth cohorts as an interval, and explores the effect of Taiwan's higher education expansion on gender wages. The effect of disparity, and the effect of female employment self- selection bias on wage disparity.
The empirical results of this paper show that: (1) Even though male and female workers choose the same major before entering the labor market, there is still a gap in the salaries of the two, especially in medicine and military major. (2) With the expansion of higher education, the choice behavior of women entering the workplace has gradually changed from negative choice to positive choice. It can be seen that the workplace has changed from more low-educated female workers to more highly educated workers. At the same time, the gender pay gap continues to narrow over the years, showing that the expansion of higher education has had a profound impact.

並列關鍵字

Gender Wage Differential ； Higher Education Expansion ； Wage Decomposition ； Major Chosing

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