- 學位論文
酗酒者青少年子女適應問題之危險與保護因子探究
A Study of the Interaction Effect between Risk and Protective Factors on Adjustment Problems for Adolescent Children of Alcoholics
摘要
酒精是常見的濫用物質，在台灣社會卻鮮少受到重視。當個人飲酒過度以致出現問題時，無論自身或家人皆受酗酒之害影響。當父母變成酗酒者後，其家庭常見經濟壓力與家庭衝突問題，其子女也往往經驗情緒與行為適應問題。本研究試圖以保護模型出發，將父母酗酒、家庭經濟壓力與家庭衝突視為危險因子，正向自尊與社會支持視為保護因子，探討其與青少年適應問題間的互動，希冀達到以下研究目的：1.檢視酗酒者與非酗酒者青少年子女的危險、保護因子及適應問題差異；2.檢視這些危險與保護因子對青少年子女適應問題之預測力；3.檢視保護因子是否可以緩衝危險因子對青少年適應問題的影響；4.透過研究結果提出具體建議，供社會工作實務、政策及學術研究參考。 本研究採量化研究典範，透過次級資料分析法，以「台灣青少年成長歷程研究J1第3波」為資料來源，結合家長與學生問卷篩選96名酗酒者青少年子女，並以G*Power估算後另隨機抽取96名非酗酒者青少年子女進行比較，總樣本數為192人。研究透過獨立樣本t檢定發現相較於非酗酒者青少年子女，酗酒者青少年子女感知家庭經濟壓力較大，且有較多行為適應問題。再以階層迴歸控制性別與主要效果後，發現保護因子分別可緩衝不同危險因子對青少年適應問題之影響。透過單純斜率分析得知，同儕支持對父母未酗酒的青少年情緒適應問題有良好的保護效果，然而當父母酗酒時，無論同儕支持高低，青少年情緒適應問題並無差異；當家庭衝突高時，無論酗酒或非酗酒者青少年子女，若擁有高自尊則情緒適應問題較少，然家庭衝突低時，無論自尊高低，青少年情緒適應問題並無差異，顯示自尊在高危機下有良好保護效果；當家庭經濟壓力高時，無論酗酒或非酗酒者青少年子女，若擁有較佳的家庭支持，則其行為適應問題會較少，然當家庭經濟壓力低時，家庭支持的高低在行為適應問題上並無差異，亦即家庭支持在高危機下有良好的保護效果。透過本研究發現，研究者提出酗酒與酗酒者子女社會工作教育、實務介入與政策層面之建議，並期望後續研究持續探討酗酒者子女相關議題。
並列摘要
Alcohol is a commonly misused substance in Taiwan, but we seldom pay attention to its related issues seriously. When people have drinking problem, not only themselves but also their families suffer its consequence. Families with drinking problems usually experience economic strain, family conflicts and their children often have adjustment problems behaviorally as well as emotionally. Therefore, this study has three purposes. First, it aimed to examine whether there is difference between Adolescent Children of alcoholics and non-Alcoholics on proposed risk factors, protective factors and their adjustment problems. Secondly, it examined how protective and risk factors would predict adolescent’s adjustment problems. Thirdly, using Protective Model it aslo examined whether the protective factors(self-esteem, family support and peer support) could moderate the effect of risk factors(parental alcoholism, economic strain and family conflict ) on adolescent’s adjustment problems. The study used a quantitative research approach. A data set, the Taiwan Youth Project J1 W3, was selected to test the proposed model. As a total, only 96 adolescent children of alcoholics were found. And 96 adolescent children of non-alcoholics were randomly sampled as a contrast group. Results indicated that adolescent children of alcoholics perceived more economic strains and had more behavioral adjustment problems. After controlling for gender and main effect, the moderating effects of the proposed model were found. First, based on simple slope analysis, peer support was found to have protective-reactive effect on parental alcoholic problem and their emotional adjustment problems. When their parents have no alcoholic problems, the adolescents perceived higher peer support would have less adjustment problems. But when their parents have alcoholic problems, peer support they have could not reduce their adjustment problems. Secondly, self-esteem was found to have partially protective-stabilizing effect on the relationship between family conflict and emotional adjustment problems. When perceived more family conflicts, the adolescents with higher esteem seemed to have less adjustment problems, no matter their parents with alcoholic problem or not. Lastly, family support was found to have protective- enhancing effect on the relationship between economic strains and behavioral adjustment problems. When their family experience high economic strain, the adolescents, no matter their parents with alcoholic problem or not, with higher family support had less adjustment problems. The implications for social work education, practice and policy suggestions are included.