在跨國企業林立與國際專業分工化日趨的現今,國家效應 (country label effect) 顯得日益重要。而目前衡量國家效應的部份多為針對於產品製造端(supply-side),即為來源國形象( country-of-origin ,COO )的描述。依據文獻指出,目前的消費者對於國外產品的認知會受到製造國形象所影響,關於來源國形象對於消費者認知的研究可說是多不勝數。而在回顧過有關於來源國形象的文獻後,學生發現到來源國形象僅提供了供給端的資訊,並沒有提供任何有關消費端(consumption-side)的資訊。故為了完備國家效應的衡量,便於本研究加入消費國形象(country-of-consumption ,COC)的衡量。 而本研究所建立模型,在於探討國家效應、消費者態度( attitude )與消費者意圖( intention )之間的因果關係。故本研究其中一項重點在於衡量暈輪效果( halo effect )與彙總效果( summary construct )對於本模型解釋力何者較佳,藉以探究上述潛在變數 ( latent variable )的因果關係。 本研究亦比較關於來源國(COO)效應與消費國(COC)效應間,何者對於消費者態度的影響較大;進而探究來源國形象與消費效應對於消費者行為意圖的影響。另外,建立了關於本研究路徑的兩大干擾因子:「國際觀」與「產品知識」進行比較分析。在本研究中發現到消費國形象對於消費者態度和來源國形象對消費者相比,消費國形象的影響較為顯著。在對於未來的研究中,我們建議關於國家形象的衡量,應可加入消費端的資訊,以更其完備構面。
Country-of-origin (COO) effects is broadly explored and investigated in the literature, the concept furnishes consumptions with only supply-side information from a manufacturer’s view. As global reconfiguration of value chain rises and MNCs expands their production activity across the border, country-of-origin seems loosing its premium on product evaluations. From consumptions’ perspective, we propose a new concept, country-of-consumption (COC) is not only to compensate for the demand-side information insufficiency of COO , but also to offer negative COO countries a potential marketing instrument. We propose that COC influences product evaluations based on different theories. Therefore, in order to distinct from the traditional view of “country label” effects, we consider a new factor COC to take consumption’s perspective to complement country label effects. In addition, We compare halo effect with summary construct to examined which is a better path to measure . Finally, we test of significance between COO and COC. We suggest that COC effects consumptions’ attitude, but not effects consumptions’ intention, may open up an exciting avenue for international marketing research. Strategic implications are considered and future research directions are identified. Conclusions and managerial implications are provided in this article. Further research directions are suggested to gain more significant insight to this most researched international consumption behavior.