新冠肺炎疫情下台灣留學生的隔離經驗初探

新冠肺炎的爆發對人類生活造成莫大衝擊，許多文獻亦指出此疫情對於人類心理健康的負面影響。然而，現階段既有文獻之研究對象多聚焦於一般大眾或過往疫病相關研究指出的高風險族群（如醫護人員、老年人、罹病者等），對其他族群的心理經驗則較少討論；並且，前述文獻大多依循壓力反應理論脈絡，將疫情與伴隨而來的變化（如：隔離）視為壓力／創傷事件，聚焦於事件後的身心適應後果或尋找其中的調節因子，而並未對於人在其中的經驗本身進行探討。緣此，本研究嘗試透過現象學心理學的觀點，探索新冠肺炎期間，台灣留學生面臨疫情衝擊與隔離措施的心理經驗。研究方法上，本研究透過回溯性訪談的方式，訪談八位在疫情爆發時於不同國家留學、不同時間點回到台灣，且現階段學業狀態（畢業、在學或休學）不同的受訪者，以擴大樣本變異性，探索多重現象之可能；訪談資料以李維倫與賴憶嫻（2009）之現象學方法進行分析。研究結果發現，在八位受訪者各自獨特的經驗樣貌中，有共通的現象底蘊為：（一）生命的停頓時刻，與（二）位移之間，關係界線的再認。由此普遍結構進一步討論，本研究發現隔離經驗為受訪者帶來生活或生命的失序與停頓，在此期間返身思考自身的存有議題；而疫情下歸國的位移經驗，及隔離中人際相處樣態的變化，使人認出自身與他人之間的界線，在關係中流動並重新尋找自身的位置。在此意義下，疫情與隔離不僅只是一場創傷事件，而是將人推向存在處境的邊緣，人在其中不斷透過行動展現從「關心自己」到「關切他人」的倫理實踐，持續追問自身生命意義以及如何與他人共同生活的議題。臨床實務上，本研究認為面對疫情與隔離經驗，在強調壓力調適與症狀控制的角度之外，亦應並重個人對於自身存在議題的探索。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎；隔離；留學生；現象學心理學

並列摘要

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on human life, many studies also pointed out its negative effects on mental health. However, the existing literature mostly focuses on the psychological impacts on the general public or high-risk groups (such as medical staff, the elderly, the sick, etc.), and there is less discussion about the psychological experience of others. Moreover, most of these works follow the context of stress response theory, treating the pandemic and the accompanying changes (such as isolation) as stressors or traumatic events, focusing on the consequences of physical and psychological adaptation after the event or seeking the mediators in it, but the human experience during the pandemic is seldom explored. Therefore, through the phenomenological psychology approach, this research aims to explore the psychological experience of Taiwanese international students who have been quarantined during the pandemic. The researcher adopted qualitative depth interviews to collect the data, and they were analyzed by the phenomenological method of Li and Lai (2009). Eight Taiwanese international students were recruited. The results indicate two general structures emerge from the analysis of narrative data: (1) the pause of life, and (2) the recognition of boundary between self and others. Furthermore, based on these general structures, this study found that participants started to concern about existential issues during the pause, and their ethical acts reveal what Foucault said about "take care of yourself." At the same time, the displacement experience of returning home under the pandemic and the changes in interpersonal relationships during quarantine enable people to recognize the boundaries between themselves and others and to find their position again. In this sense, the pandemic is not only a traumatic event but a situation that places people on the edge of existence, in which people live and keep questioning themselves "how to live with others." In clinical practice, this study suggests that in the face of experience during the pandemic, besides stressing stress adjustment and symptom control, individuals' exploration of their existential issues should be equally valued.