- 學位論文
建立完全使用國產飼糧原料之乳羊飼養模式
Establish a dairy goat feeding system based totally on domestic forage and feed ingredients
摘要
目前臺灣之飼糧原料多仰賴進口，因適逢氣候變遷與能源危機，原物料進口價格有持續上升之情勢。為了要減低飼糧成本，使用國產芻料、農作廢棄物、加工副產品與非傳統飼糧原料顯然已成為重要課題之一。本試驗使用八頭泌乳中期之初產阿爾拜因羊，採用交叉切換試驗設計，並依乳量均分成兩組，依序接受試驗組與對照組之處理，國產飼糧組之主要原料為玉米青貯、花生藤、黃豆渣與啤酒粕；對照組為百慕達草、苜蓿草、苜蓿粒、玉米與大豆粕，兩者調製成等氮與等芻精料比例飼糧。每一試驗期包含14天適應期與4天採樣期。結果顯示，兩組之乾物質採食量無顯著差異 ( 對照組：1522 g/head/d；國產飼糧組：1449 g/head/d )，但對照組有較高之粗蛋白質與非纖維性碳水化合物之採食量與表面消化率，對照組之粗蛋白質採食量與表面消化率為318 g/head/d與84.5％，國產飼糧組為230 g/head/d與74％；對照組之非纖維性碳水化合物採食量與表面消化率分別為662 g/head/d 與90.0％，而國產飼糧組為568 g/head/d與85.9％。縱使國產飼糧組與對照組比較起來有顯著低之乳量 ( 對照組：2079 g/head/d；國產飼糧組：1865 g/head/d ) 與氮滯留量 ( 對照組：19.4 g/head/d；國產飼糧組：2.3 g/head/d )，但飼料效率並無差異。對照組每公斤乾物質飼糧成本為NT$ 14.5元/頭/天，而國產飼糧組為NT$ 11.9元/頭/天，乳收入與飼料成本相減可得粗收益，對照組為NT$ 54.3元/頭/天，而國產飼糧組為NT$ 51.4元/頭/天。綜觀上述，國產飼糧組之每頭羊成本雖然較低，但經濟收益亦較低。如能增進國產飼糧組之粗蛋白質利用效率與增加非纖維性碳水化合物之採食量，應可有效改善國產飼糧組目前缺失之地方。
並列摘要
Most feed ingredients are imported nowadays in Taiwan. Due to climate change, and energy crisis, the feed cost in animal husbandry is getting higher during the past years. In order to cut down the cost, to use domestic forages, crop residues, agro-industrial byproducts or non-conventional feed resources is an important issue. A total of 8 Alpine goats in mid-lactation were used in a cross-over design experiment. According to their milk yield, lactating goats were evenly assigned into two groups which were assigned as control diet group ( CD ) fed imported feed ingredients or domestic diet group ( DD ) fed completely domestic feed ingredients. The major constituents of CD were alfalfa hay, bermudagrass hay, corn, soybean meal, and alfalfa pellet; the major feed ingredients of DD were corn silage, peanut stover, soybean pulp, and brewers’ grains. Each experiment period included 14 days adaptation period followed by 4 days of sampling period. The results showed there’s no significant difference of dry matter intake between two groups ( CD: 1522 g/head/d; DD: 1449 g/head/d ), but the CD had higher intake and apparent digestibility of crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates. The intake and digestibility of crude protein of CD were 318 g/head/d, and 84.5％; the DD were 230 g/head/d, and 74％. The intake and digestibility of non-fiber carbohydrate of CD and DD were 662 g/head/d, 90.0％; and 568 g/head/d, 85.9％. Although the DD had lower milk yield ( CD: 2079 g/head/d; DD: 1865 g/head/d ), and N retention ( CD: 19.4 g/head/d; DD: 2.3 g/head/d ) than the CD, the feed efficiency of them were not significantly different. The feed costs of CD and DD were NT$ 14.5 and 11.9 dollars/head/d, respectively. Based on feed intake and milk yield, the estimated profit were NT$ 54.3 and 51.2 dollars/head/d. The DD had lower cost but lower profit. Based on the above results, it still needs to improve the efficiency of DD. Crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrate intakes and digestibilities of DD deserve further improvement if higher milk yield and higher profit were demanded.