整合液壓減振器能源擷取系統及半主動減振控制之研究

A Study on Integration of Energy Harvesting System and Semi-Active Control for a Hydraulic Suspension System

劉翰祥(Han-Hsiang Liu)

指導教授 ： 江茂雄

國立臺灣大學/工學院/工程科學及海洋工程學研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00406

摘要

車輛懸吊系統主要在減少車輛於通過不平整路面的車體振動，而在傳統的懸吊系統中主要以液壓減振器活塞的阻尼孔來提供阻尼。使車輛藉由阻尼的抵抗來減少振動，然而車輛行駛中所產生的振動能量卻變成廢熱直接散失，形成能量的浪費。
近年來，傳統汽油車與油電混合車最常見。但由於能源日漸消耗，油電混合動力車以及電動車等等較傳統汽油車將成為未來的趨勢。因此，若能在車輛行進中將被浪費的振動能源加以回收轉換為電能儲存，車輛的續航力將可以大幅提升。
本文旨在發展減振器能源擷取系統整合半主動減振控制。在控制方面，分別應用比例節流閥與變電阻二種方式來取代傳統車輛的固定節流孔，使節流阻尼變為可調式，發展半主動式減振控制來改善舒適性。在能源擷取方面，在液壓油路中加裝液壓馬達及直流發電機，使減振器在振動時可以驅動液壓馬達，使液壓馬達推動發電機來產生電能，並回充至電動車低壓電池，提升電動車能源效率。本論文的主軸即是整合能源擷取系統以及半主動式減振控制系統。
實驗裝置包含兩個系統，天鈎阻尼系統與四分之一車系統。本文首先設計液壓減振器能源擷取系統，依系統建立其動態數學模式，並以MATLAB/Simulink建立動態模擬程式，進行系統動態分析。在半主動控制方面，加入模糊滑動控制器，進行閉迴路半主動減振控制。並進行液壓減振器能源擷取系統發電模擬分析，依據模擬分析設計建立電動車液壓減振器能源擷取實驗系統。最後依據模擬與實驗結果證實本文所提減振器能源擷取系統整合半主動減振控制之可行性。

關鍵字

液壓減振器 ； 能源擷取 ； 半主動控制 ； 模糊滑動控制 ； 天鈎阻尼系統 ； 四分之一車系統

並列摘要

Suspension systems are used to diminish the vibration of vehicles. The hydraulic damper in conventional suspension systems is mainly designed with the orifices of the piston; however, the vibration energy will be transferred into waste heat.
In recent years, conventional gasoline cars and hybrid cars are still used commonly. However, with the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, development of electric vehicles will become the trend in the future. For this reason, the research focuses on recycling energy from the suspension of vehicles to improve the vehicle’s endurance.
The purpose of this study is to develop a semi-active suspension control system with an energy harvesting system. Instead of the fixed orifices in conventional cars, two different adjusting damping force methods are studied for the semi-active suspension control system, such as the proportional valve system and the variable resistance circuits system. Thus, we are able to develop semi-active control to improve riding comfort. The energy harvesting system contains a hydraulic gear motor and a DC generator. When vehicles vibrate, the hydraulic damper serves as a hydraulic pump to compress the oil and drive the hydraulic motor. At the same time, the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity which will be stored in a low-voltage battery.
In this study, the test rig contains two configurations, such as the skyhook damper system and the quarter-car system. We first design the novel hydraulic suspension system combining with the energy harvesting system. The simulation of dynamic mathematical model will be performed and analyzed by MATLAB/Simulink. Besides that, the closed-loop semi-active control by the fuzzy sliding mode controller will be realized in the hydraulic suspension system with energy harvesting system. Finally, according to the simulation, we can then set up the test rig for practical experiments. According to the results of the simulation and experiments, the feasibility of the proposed semi-active suspension control system with an energy harvesting system is verified.

並列關鍵字

hydraulic suspension ； energy harvesting ； semi-active control ； fuzzy sliding mode control ； skyhook damper system ； quarter-car system

參考文獻

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