真空冰漿式儲冰空調系統之研究與效益分析

儲冰式空調系統是實現電網移峰填谷的一項重要措施。而以低壓狀態下液滴蒸發結冰為基礎的真空動態製冰製備法則是一種新興且有效率的製冰技術，因此，若真空冰漿製備法能與儲冰裝置作結合，利用兩者的優點，相信對於儲能量的提升及減少耗電量的支出具有相當的效果，在未來也存在著相當的潛力。另外，由於水的取得相當容易且低價，對環境的高度友善性，最重要的是水的相變潛熱遠大於比熱，因此使得以水做冷媒的研究逐漸受到市場的矚目。本研究以真空噴霧製備法作冰漿的主要製程，並與儲冰系統作結合，透過蒸發擴散的控制模型，建立起數學方程式，模擬微小尺度的液滴在閃蒸槽內真空環境下各個階段的溫度、半徑及質量的變化，最後形成雪花狀的冰漿懸浮液。而實驗條件方面，改變了包括入口速度、停留距離及環境壓力等條件，以研究在各種不同的條件之下，冰漿相變化的形成過程及其含冰量，最後進行儲能量及耗電量的評估與分析。結果顯示，冰漿的流量與結冰量的多寡對於提升儲冰系統的儲能量有顯著的效果，雖此兩者因素亦可能造成更多的耗電量，但對比於儲冰裝置效益的提升，甚至與傳統的儲冰系統作比較，真空冰漿製備法與儲冰系統的結合還是具有相當的競爭力，因此，本研究對於未來真空冰漿式儲冰系統在實際應用上建立了良好的研究基礎。

關鍵字

真空；冰漿；動態儲冰系統；天然冷媒；動態製冰

並列摘要

Developing cool thermal energy storage technology is an important measure to realize shifting electric energy demand form peak period to off-peak period. The vacuum ice slurry making method which operates on freezing of water droplet due to flash evaporation under vacuum environment, is energy efficient and novelty cool thermal energy storage technology. Therefore, combine with vacuum ice slurry making method and cool thermal energy storage system will be enhance the cooling capacity and reduce power consumption, and will have a great potential in the future. In addition, water is not only achieved easily and cheap, but also harmless to humans. And the most important is the latent heat of water is much larger than the specific heat. Thus, the water as refrigerant are gradually receiving the worldwide attention. In this study, the vacuum spray method which are the main process to making the ice slurry, will combine with the ice storage system to create a new cooling storage system. Through evaporation diffusion control model, we establish mathematical model to predict the droplet’s temperature, radius and mass shift of each stage under high vacuum pressure. With this model and equations, we will to change the experiment conditions including inlet velocity, travel distance, and ambient pressure to study the droplet phase change, the formation of ice slurry and the ice packing factor, and analyses the cooling capacity and electricity consumptions. The results show that with rise the quantity of ice particles and flow rate of ice slurry, the cooling capacity of ice storage system has a significant improvement. Despite rise the ice packing and flow rate of ice slurry will cause more power consumption, but in contrast to enhance the energy efficiency of the ice storage devices, even with the traditional ice storage system for comparison, vacuum ice slurry making method and combine with ice storage system is still quite competitive. Finally, this study establish a precise mathematical model and propose some conclusions. Therefore, this research establish a great foundation to the practical applications of the future.

並列關鍵字

Vacuum ； Ice Slurry ； Dynamic Ice Storage System ； Natural Refrigerant ； Dynamic Ice Making

參考文獻

[1] P. Zhang, Z.W. Ma, An overview of fundamental studies and applications of phase change material slurries to secondary loop refrigeration and air conditioning systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 2012, PP. 5021–5058.

[4] Jean-Pierre Bedecarrats, Thomas David, Jean Castaing-Lasvignottes, Ice slurry production using supercooling phenomenon, International Journal of Refrigeration, 33,1 ,2010, PP. 196-204.

[5] Xiu-Wei Li, Xiao-Song Zhang, Rong-Quan Cao, Xiu-Zhang Fu, A novel ice slurry producing system: producing ice by utilizing inner waste heat, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 12, 2009, PP. 2893-2904.

[6] S. Thongwik, N. Vorayos, T. Kiatsiriroat, A. Nuntaphan, Thermal analysis of slurry ice production system using direct contact heat transfer of carbon dioxide and water mixture, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 35, 6, 2008, PP. 756-761.

[7] Xue-Lai Zhang, Jian-Bing Fan, Dong-Liang Zhong, Wenz-He Sun, Heat transfer characteristic in direct contact binary ice making process, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 44, 9, 2008, PP. 188-192.

國際替代計量

真空冰漿式儲冰空調系統之研究與效益分析

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