防範索馬利亞海盜劫持商船風險管理之研究

The Study of Risk Management for Merchant Ship against Somalia Pirates

王大友(Ta-Yu Wang)

指導教授 ： 陳顯武

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.10161

摘要

海上貨物運送一直是人類使用最廣且最便利的運送方式，因為它具有承載量大、運價低廉、續航力強與服務範圍廣大等優點，所以是其他運輸方式所難以取代。然近些年來，海盜攻擊事件急遽升高，勒贖金額不斷提高，嚴重威脅船、貨、人員安全與航運產業之經營，故商船如何防範海盜劫持，如何使用風險管理策略，為營運之重要課題。
本研究擬將商船航經索馬利亞高風險區域，可能面臨的海盜劫持風險與保險作一聯繫。首先，就海盜與風險管理的概念，採用文獻探討及分析法，再以比較研究法檢視商船採取控制策略。Witherby Publishing Group Ltd.於2011年8月出版「防範索馬利亞海盜之最佳管理措施第四版」中，建議防範海盜劫持，使船舶迴避、抵擋或延遲成為海盜劫持對象，達預防與減輕損失效果；抑或選擇理財策略，購買「綁架勒贖保險」以移轉、減少或規避海盜劫持風險所造成之損失。最後，以實證訪談分析法將實際運作中所遭致之困難與因應對策，加以深入探討，使本研究更切實地將理論與實務結合，改進商船執行防範海盜風險管理運作上之缺失與問題。
研究發現商船可加裝警報系統、增設實體障礙、加強瞭望與提高警戒等，以及儘可能將乾舷最低高度保持8公尺以上，以18節以上的速度前進。若航經其他高危險的海域時，建議仍可進行該管理措施防盜實務、切實執行報到程序、加入國際建議航道與海軍護航編隊都是安全之作法，或僱用武裝海上保全公司，以協助船員當值與警戒。最後，本研究透過綁架勒贖保險承保內容，讓船東清楚了解保險承保事故與除外事項，在後續補償部分可能產生的爭議，以及與保險人洽談加費擴大承保事宜，希望以最低「風險成本」達到保障自身經營安全之目標。

關鍵字

海盜 ； 索馬利亞海盜 ； 風險管理 ； 最佳管理措施 ； 綁架勒贖保險

並列摘要

The transport of goods by sea has been the most common use by humans and convenient shipping, especially with a transport capacity, low tariffs, endurance and the wide range of services etc., so it is difficult to replace by other modes of transport. However, there are sharp rise in pirate attacks and the increase amount of ransom in recent years. The phenomenon has been serious threaten to the ship, cargo, personnel safety and the shipping industry, therefore how to prevent merchant ships from pirates and the use of risk management strategies are indispensible.
The purpose of this study is to make the connection between the possibility of the risk of merchant ships in high-risk areas of the Somalia pirates and insurance. Firstly, literature review and analysis under the concept of risk management and the definition of piracy. Then do the comparative study of the merchant shipping control strategy. The book "Best Management Practice 4, BMP4 " which is published by the Witherby Publishing Group Ltd. in August 2011 suggests very practical ways to avoid, deter or delay piracy attack in order to reduce the loss to minimum. Also, choosing fiscal strategy to buy "Kidnap & Ransom, K&R" in order to transfer, reduce or avoid the loss caused by the pirate’s hijack. Finally, an empirical analysis will take deep look of the difficulties within the actual operation and the way of handling in order to making the research more effectively combine theory and practice to improve the problems caused by merchant ships implement risk management operation.
The thesis found merchant ships can install an alarm system, additional physical barriers to strengthen and improve the vigilance, etc., Besides, if possible, to maintain a minimum height of the freeboard above 8 meters, and moving with more than 18 knots of the speed. If the merchant ships navigate in other high-risk waters, it is recommended that management measures can still be security practices, effective implementation report program, joining the International Recommended Transit Corridor, hiring Vessel Protection Detachment or Private Maritime Security Company is also the effective way to assist the crew to guard the ships. Finally, through the content of the K&R which is covered by the thesis provide a clear understanding of insurance against shipowners and exclusions, and other disputes that may arise in subsequent compensation section such as to negotiate with the insurance underwriter for expanding the coverage issue under the extra increase fee . Hoping the lowest "risk cost" can both reach the goal of protection and the security of their own business.

並列關鍵字

Pirates ； Somalia Pirates ； Risk Management ； BMP4 ； K&R

參考文獻

姜皇池（2001）。《國際海洋法總論》。台北：學林文化。

曾文瑞（2013）。〈海盜攻擊損害與劫持贖金之保險研究〉，《航運季刊》，第22卷第1期，頁87-112。

曾文瑞（2014）。〈海盜贖金於海上保險之性質研究〉，《運輸計劃季刊》，第43卷第3期，頁315-342。

范珍翡（2004）。《索馬利亞海盜之經濟與法律問題研究-以海盜贖金為中心》，國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文，桃園。

Alfred P. Rubin, Is Piracy illegal?, (Washington, D.C.: American Journal of International Law, Vol.70, 93, 1976).