摘要
近年來，消費者意識高漲，對A/E的求償案量與金額都越來越可觀，｢林肯大郡｣與｢博士的家｣等等例子，紛紛出現上千萬甚至數億元的賠償，訴訟情形已漸漸類似於美國等地，為了永續經營，A/E實有必要積極地投保專業責任保險。但是，國內A/E普遍對於本身的風險特性認知不足，且對於專業責任保險了解甚少，其保費在景氣不佳的情形下又被視為另一項額外負擔，造成目前A/E投保意願的低落。另一方面，國內目前對於專業責任保險採年保或者專案投保，並無完整的分析比較，亦無適當的法定機制加以規範，造成A/E投保時不知所措的困境。 有鑑於此，本研究分成承保範圍與投保策略兩大部分，目的在於讓國內A/E業界更了解專業責任保險的內涵、且知道要如何投保。其中，對於專業責任的標準、法理、保單條款、追溯日訂定、投保模式、投保策略、法定機制之設計等等，都有詳盡的分析與建議。 本研究以四種損害賠償責任切入法理核心，並比較保單條款，以簡單的圖形表達出專業責任與保險承保範圍兩者之關係，更以此推論追溯日10年與15年對於侵權行為與債務不履行求償的預防，亦分析出要保人、被保險人、受益人皆為A/E方屬最佳的投保模式。 專案投保最重大的缺陷在於保險金額不足與保險期間太短，事實上，這些缺陷是把以年保精神設計的保單畸形化之必然結果。但目前實務上仍有業主強制逐案投保的習慣，所以，為了符合業主對逐案投保的要求，並兼顧專案投保與年保的優點，本研究研擬出一個混合投保的創新方法，並進一步以數學模型加以具體量化，此模型的insight更可衍生出一套法定年保之機制供政府參考。 本研究之主要成果如下: 1.專業責任法理與保險承保範圍之釐清 2.保險追溯日之訂定策略 3.最佳投保模式之建議 4.投保策略之分析 5.混合投保之模型與公式建立 6.法定強制年保之機制設計
並列摘要
In recent years, the numbers and payments of damages from consumers’ suing A/E are increasing. The damages reached hundreds of billions N.T dollars in some cases. It’s more and more similar with America’s circumstances and other foreign situations. For the sake of permanent operation, it’s really necessary for A/E to buy professional liability insurance (PLI). However, the domestic A/E are prevailingly not conscious of their professional risks, and they usually don’t know much about PLI. Besides, with the recession of economy, A/E regarded the PLI premiums as additional burden. In the meantime, few research so far has ever thoroughly analyzed the key points between annual policy and project policy. No adequate mechanism has ever been established. That creates dilemma for A/E to buy PLI. This research contains two main parts, including insuring coverage and strategies. The purpose is to make A/E deeply understand PLI and know how to buy it in the best way. The level of professional negligence, jurisprudence, insurance clauses, retroactive-date, insurance scheme, strategies and mechanism are elaborately analyzed. This research reaches the core of jurisprudence via four kinds of damage liability. Then a simple diagram can unveil the basic relation between the jurisprudence and PLI. This result in advance applies to ten and fifteen retroactive years respectively to prevent A/E’s being sued via tort or default. Besides, the applicant, insured and beneficiary all should be the A/E as the best insurance scheme. The major disadvantages of project policy are the defect of insured amount and the shortage of policy period. These problems are caused by distorting the original ideal of annual policy. However, the domestic construction owners usually compel A/E to buy project policy for their project. In order to fit the compelling requirement and gain benefits of both annual policy and project policy, this research proposes a hybrid strategy and establishes a mathematical model to quantify it. The insights inferred from this model can also imply a mechanism of compelling annual A/E PLI policy for the government to consider. The main contributions of the thesis are as below: 1.The jurisprudence and insuring coverage of A/E PLI have been clarified. 2.New ideas for determining retroactive date have been proposed. 3.A better insurance scheme is suggested. 4.Thorough analysis of strategies to buy PLI has been done. 5.Models and formulas of mixed policy strategy are established. 6.Mechanism of compelling annual PLI policy has been designed.