過量鎳對水稻幼苗生理作用影響之研究

Studies on the physiological effects of excess nickel on rice seedlings

林玉菁(Yu-Ching Lin)

指導教授 ： 高景輝

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/農藝學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00288

摘要

本論文係以台中在來一號 (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1, TCN1) 為試驗材料，探討過量鎳對水稻幼苗生理作用的影響。主要包括三個部分：（一）過量鎳對水稻切離葉片脯胺酸與氨累積之可能機制；(二) 過量鎳對於水稻幼苗根生長與氧化逆境之影響；（三）過量鎳對於水稻發芽過程中胚乳儲存物質分解之影響。研究結果簡述如下：
硫酸鎳處理切離葉片造成脯胺酸及氨含量增加。硫酸鎳不影響水稻切離葉片之相對水分含量，顯示鎳所引起的脯胺酸與氨之累積，不是經由缺水所造成。硫酸鎳所造成的脯胺酸累積與蛋白質水解、PDH比活性降低、與脯胺酸利用降低有關，而硫酸鎳所引起之氨累積則與GS活性降低有關。
硫酸鎳處理造成水稻幼苗根累積大量的鎳而抑制生長，且不受pH值影響。硫酸鎳處理亦可增加幼苗根過氧化氫含量及FPOX活性，此可能是幼苗根生長受抑制的機制之一。木質素及脯胺酸的累積也可能是硫酸鎳處理造成根生長受抑制的原因。過氧化氫含量增加可能是由於硫酸鎳處理造成DAO活性增加所致。硫酸鎳處理幼苗根造成MDA累積，SOD與APX活性增加。
硫酸鎳處理去殼或未去殼之水稻種子不會影響蔡氻滬F乳儲存物質之分解。蔡氻妥葽|阻止鎳運送到胚乳。以過量鎳直接處理蛋白質水解酵素與澱粉水解酵素之抽出液，亦不影響其酵素活性，顯示蛋白質水解酵素與澱粉水解酵素對過量鎳有極高的耐性。

關鍵字

鎳 ； 毒害 ； 幼苗 ； 水稻

並列摘要

The main purposes of this thesis were to investigate (1) the possible mechanism of the accumulation of proline and NH3 in response to excess Ni in detached leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1), (2) the effect of excess Ni on growth and oxidative stress of rice seedling roots, and (3) the effect of excess Ni on reserve mobilization of rice grains during germination. The main results are outlined as follows:
NiSO4 was effective in inducing proline and NH3 accumulation in detached rice leaves under light condition. Excess Ni had no effect on relative water content of detached rice leaves, suggesting that Ni-induced accumulation of proline and NH3 is unlikely due to water deficit. Proline accumulation induced by excess NiSO4 was related to proteolysis, an increase in proline dehydrogenase specific activity, and a decrease in proline utilization. NH3 accumulation induced by excess NiSO4 was related to a decrease in glutamine synthetase activity.
The inhibition of root growth by NiSO4 is closely associated with accumulation of Ni2+ in roots. Ni-inhibited root growth was found to be pH independent. The accumulation of H2O2 and an increase in cell wall peroxidase activity against ferulic acid in NiSO4-treated root might be a mechanism of Ni-inhibited root growth of rice seedlings. The accumulation of lignin and proline was also associated with root growth inhibition caused by NiSO4. H2O2 accumulation in roots induced by NiSO4 was related to an increase in diamine oxidase activity. NiSO4 was effective in increasing the content of malondialdehyde, and activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity.
NiSO4 had no effect on endosperm reserve mobilization of rice grains or dehulled rice grains during germination. Evidence is provided to show that the hull is a barrier against influx of Ni to endosperm. Excess Ni had no effect on the activities of protease and

並列關鍵字

rice ； seedling ； Nickel

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