獨立型太陽能系統蓄電池充電效率提升研究

Research on Improving the Efficiency of Secondary Battery in Stand-Alone solar system

何珮儀(Pei-Yi Ho)

指導教授 ： 黃秉鈞

國立臺灣大學/工學院/機械工程學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.00400

摘要

本研究旨在探討獨立型太陽能系統蓄電池充電效率提升方法，使用太陽能LED路燈系統為探討系統。白天充電時，提高固定日照量下太陽電池充電功率，進而增加鉛酸電池儲存能量。另一方面，選擇在高溫環境下壽命及經濟效益最合乎成本的太陽能蓄電系統。
針對增加充電能量部份，本研究探討若系統中加入超級電容輔助是否有助益。首先建立鉛酸蓄電池與超級電容動態模型，並設計PI控制器對充電進行控制，使用simulink模擬有、無超級電容輔助系統的充電能量；另一方面也作戶外測試進行實驗與模擬比對。結果顯示，在晴天、陰天，有超級電容輔助系統充電能量比無輔助系統分別高出25%、10%；雨天時二者無明顯差異。Simulink模擬結果與戶外測試誤差在5%之下。
針對高溫環境下蓄電池系統選用，分別比較鉛酸AGM type、鉛酸Gel type、磷酸鐵鋰電池三種。以三年為單位計算，磷酸鐵鋰電池成本最高，但高溫環境下使用壽命遠高於其餘二者，考量人工更換費用，磷酸鐵鋰電池最符合經濟效益，其餘二者成本為其2~3倍。另外，若將鉛酸放電D.O.D由100%降至30%，成本約可省下七成。

關鍵字

太陽能 ； 蓄電池 ； 鉛酸電池 ； 超級電容

並列摘要

The research is mainly on improving the efficiency of secondary battery in stand-alone solar system. During daytime, try to find a way to increase the charge power. That is, increasing the energy stored in battery. On the other hand, considering both performance and cost, choose the best secondary battery under high ambient temperature.
For increasing storage energy, this research used supercapacitor and lead acid battery in parallel. First, build the dynamic models of lead acid battery and supercapacitor and design a PI controller to limit the charge and discharge voltage. After that, using Matlab Simulink models charge energy under different climates. Besides, doing the out field tests in NTU, measures the real charge energy everyday. From the results, both simulation and out field tests showed that paralleling supercapacitor can increase 25% of storage energy on sunny days, 10% more on cloudy days and almost the same as the system without supercapacitor on rainy days. Comparing to out field test, the model has less than 5% error.
About under high ambient temperature, the research compared 3 different types of secondary battery: lead acid battery AGM type, lead acid battery Gel type and Li ion battery. As the result, Li-ion battery has the most expensive price but the longest life time. However, considering about rebuild fee of changing batteries, Li-ion battery is the cheapest one among these three by using 3 years. Once decreasing the lead acid battery to 30%, it can save 70% cost.

並列關鍵字

solar system ； secondary battery ； lead acid battery ； super-capacitor

參考文獻

[3]吳佳峻：『獨立型太陽能發電系統之設計分析與應用』，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2004年

[4]吳民聖：『獨立型太陽能路燈之高性能充放電控制技術研究』，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文，2005年

[11] 黃秉鈞：『系統識別講義』，國立台灣大學機械工程學系

[1] "BP Statistical review of world energy June 2006" ,British Petroleum, June 2006.

the 21st Century. 2006.