中國大陸農民工維權模式— 浙江義烏與廣東深圳的比較分析

Models of the Protection of Peasant Workers’ Rights: A Comparative Case Study of the Trade Unions in Yiwu of Zhejiang and the NGOs in Shenzhen of Guangdong

石長興(Chang-Shing Shih)

指導教授 ： 徐斯勤

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.10100

摘要

身為中國改革開放之後，發展的重要推手-「農民工」，他們的權益問題受到了怎麼樣的對待，以及維權工作進展的狀況為何，這對經濟、社會與政治的持續穩定發展均有著重要的影響，本論文藉由比較分析義烏及深圳兩地的維權模式，探討此一重要議題的發展現況。
在1978年改革開放之後，伴隨經濟快速發展，中國大陸面臨了日益嚴重的勞資問題。在諸多問題當中，農民工受到了特別的關注，這是因為他們人數龐大且對於經濟發展至關重要，因此農民工權益如何被處理成為各界關注的焦點。在諸多維權工作當中，浙江與廣東出現了特殊的作法，義烏工會維權模式與深圳非政府組織維權模式。兩種差異的維權模式對於農民工權益的保障皆起到了一定的作用，但由於他們進行維權的行為主體的不同，因此導致了維權工作內容出現差異，進一步則促使了維權成效有所區別。同為經濟發達地區的兩地，為何出現差異的維權模式？以及這樣的差異對於農民工權益保障有何影響，尤其在源頭維權及事後維權層面上，兩者具有什麼樣的工作發展特徵？
本論文藉由歷史制度主義的觀察視角，從兩者的組織發展歷程與工作開展內容進行分析，對於上述兩項問題做出回答，並對於「農民工權益問題是如何被處理」此一議題做出回應。經過研究，發現「鑲嵌在府際關係之中的地方幹部仕途誘因」、「產業狀況與資本性質的作用」及「發展政策與地緣位置的作用」三項因素造成了兩地出現差異的維權模式；此外，兩地「體制內」與「體制外」的差別則進一步導致了他們在維權成效上各具特徵的表現。

關鍵字

農民工 ； 工會 ； 非政府組織 ； 源頭維權 ； 事後維權 ； 歷史制度主義 ； 體制內 ； 體制外

並列摘要

Peasant workers are considered as the indispensable driving force of China's development after the economic reform. The way their rights are being treated and the status of rights protection movement may have a huge impact on the sustainable development of economy, society and politics in China. The thesis deals mainly with current development of this important issue by comparing and analyzing the model of right protection between Yiwu and Shenzhen.
With the rapid economic growth after the 1978’s reform, the Mainland China faces the increasingly severe problems on labour conflict. Among these problems, peasant workers are of special concern because they are such a large number and their great influences on economic development; therefore, how to deal with the protection of peasant workers’ rights has become a public focus. Among all the rights protection movements, there are some special measures being developed in Zhejiang and Guangdong- the models of the trade unions in Yiwu and the NGOs in Shenzhen. Two different types of models lead to certain effects on right protection of peasants. However, different actors in rights protection lead to distinct contents and even distinguishing effects. Why do these two well-developed economic zones appear different models of rights protection? What kind of effects will this kind of difference influence the rights of peasant workers? And what kinds of features do these two models possess, especially on the aspect of the source rights-protection and legal right-protection?
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the progress and content of the work on rights protection from the perspective of Historical Institutionalism, try to answer the questions mentioned above, and reply to the issue: "how peasant workers' benefits are being dealt with." The research has found out that it is the following three elements that cause the different modes of right protection between Yiwu and Shenzhen; which are “local cadres’ incentive for promotion embedded in intergovernmental relations”, “the effect of the development in capital accumulation and industrial structure” and “the effect of developmental strategy and geographical location.” Besides, the difference between “intra-establishment” and “extra-establishment” of the two districts also further leads to the distinguishing performance of rights protection effects.

並列關鍵字

Peasant Workers ； Trade Unions ； NGOs ； Source Rights-Protection ； Legal Rights-Protection ； Historical Institutionalism ； Intra-establishment ； Extra-establishment

參考文獻

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