- 學位論文
拉康式閱讀——邱琪爾《一些》中的父子關係與主體危機
Lacanian Reading—the Father-son Relationship and Crises of the Subject in Churchill's A Number
摘要
本論文主要以拉康的主體相關理論與其他精神分析理論，探究英國劇作家邱琪爾（Caryl Churchill）《一些》（A Number）之中，父子之間難解的矛盾情感，以及隨之而來雙方的主體危機。鹽工（Salter）和伯納德（Bernard）的父子之情糾葛至深，探究其因，父親的天性與兒子的伊底帕斯情結，不免為父子關係埋下惡化的種子，早逝的母親更是關鍵。由於複製事件被揭穿，父子之間長久以來埋藏的問題也隨之揭露，雙方各自必須面對不堪的過去與現在，主體的危機因而產生，他們便各自因應其危機而發展了挽救自我的策略，無奈策略失敗，伯納德選擇玉石俱焚以終結脆弱的自我，鹽工則繼續找尋其他複製的兒子以重建父親身份。此外，進一步延伸比較來對照《一些》的複製自我與父子關係議題，發現《醜男子》（The Ugly One）的列特（Lette）與伯納德經歷類似的自我認同危機，他的選擇竟是愛上其中一個複製自我，而挽回了破碎的自我。《推銷員之死》（Death of a Salesman）的威利（Willy）與畢甫（Biff）則是一種自戀式的父子關係，但和《一些》的父子一樣，闡明了父與子因仰賴彼此而反至仇視的悖論。本論文將就父子之間難解的矛盾之情，主體本身困難重重的建構及其可能出路予以釐清。
並列摘要
The thesis analyses the ambivalent feelings between the father and the son and their crises of subject in Caryl Churchill’s A Number with mainly Lacan’s theories about the subject and with other psychoanalytic theories. Salter and Bernard have a complex relation owing to the temper of father and the son’s Oedipus complex, but most of all, the absence of Bernard’s mother. Due to the disclosed secret of cloning, the problem buried under the surface between the father and the son is revealed. Therefore, they are forced to face the unpleasant past, and crises of subject happen. To save their selves, they develop some strategies according to the crises but in vain. Finally, Bernard decides to destroy both of the cloning one and himself, and Salter keeps searching for other cloning sons in order to reconstruct his identity of father. Besides, we would compare to A Number’s theme of self reproduction and father-son relationship with those of two plays: The Ugly One by Marious von Mayenburg and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. We find Lette in The Ugly One also experiences similar identity crises, and he chooses to love one of his reproduced man so as to save his broken self in the end. Willy and Biff, the father and the son in Death of a Salesman, build their relation on some kind of narcissism . Just as the father-son relationship in A Number, Willy and Biff depend on each other so much that their hate toward one another occurs. This thesis would explore further whether it exists the possible solution to the complex feelings between fathers and sons and their difficult construction of subjects.