桃園國際機場防疫的危機管理研究-以COVID-19防治為例

COVID-19為史上造成人類最大傷亡的傳染病，在全球化下，人員流動率高，促使COVID-19迅速擴散，造成全球重大傷亡，政府自2019 年 12 月 31 日針對中國大陸武漢返台的班機進行登機檢疫，並啟動桃園國際機場的邊境檢疫，以防止COVID-19傳播至境內，減少對台灣人民的傷害。即便各國已採取嚴防邊境之策略，但隨著貿易的活絡，COVID-19病毒的突變，COVID-19疫情不但在國際間持續擴散，也帶給台灣人民很大的傷害，如何在桃園機場有效率進行全球傳染病的危機管理則是本研究主要關切的議題。本研究使用危機管理的四階段論，探討桃園機場面對COVID-19的危機管理，研究發現桃園機場COVID-19危機管理的優點：相關單位主管具備豐富傳染病防治經驗、平時即備有相關標準作業程序及演練計畫、桃機具備24小時監控的營運控制中心、中央防疫政策明確而桃機執行力高、提供入境旅客足夠且安全的防疫專車、高規格執行專機及類包機及定泊檢疫作業、後勤單位支援迅速及防疫物資充沛、積極強化機場防疫措施、滾動式修訂應變計畫及規定；桃園機場COVID-19危機管理的尚可強化之處：台灣醫療資訊無法即時通報國際組織、桃機公司指揮權限不足、機場工作人員無保險及獎勵制度、外站地勤人員難以辨別旅客是否允許入境台灣、航空產業健康監督機制不盡完善、邊境檢疫與國內醫療網銜接不完全、疫情爆發期無執行入境旅客全面PCR檢測、自動化及智慧化設備尚未普及、疫苗護照及認證制度尚未建立。

關鍵字

桃園機場；危機管理；邊境檢疫； COVID-19 ；防疫

並列摘要

COVID-19 is the most deadly infectious disease in human history. Under globalization, the high mobility of people has contributed to the rapid spread of COVID-19, resulting in worldwide catastrophe. Since December 31, 2019, the Taiwanese government has targeted flights returning to Taiwan from Wuhan, China, for onboard quarantine inspection and has activated border quarantine at Taoyuan International Airport to prevent the COVID-19 from spreading into Taiwan. Even though countries have adopted strict border control strategies, with the active trade and sudden changes of COVID-19 virus, the COVID-19 pandemic not only continues to spread globally, but also brings great harm to the people of Taiwan. This study focuses on how to efficiently, at Taoyuan Airport, manage the crisis caused by global infectious diseases. This study examines the crisis management of COVID-19 at Taoyuan Airport using the four-stage theory of crisis management. The study find the following strengths of COVID-19 crisis management at Taoyuan Airport: the relevant unit supervisors have extensive experience in infectious disease prevention and control; relevant standard operating procedures and rehearsal plans are always available; Taoyuan Airport has an operation control center with 24-hour monitoring; the central epidemic prevention policy is clear and Taoyuan Airport has high enforcement capability; sufficient and safe epidemic prevention vehicles are provided for inbound passengers; the epidemic prevention and quarantine operations for chartered flights and other types of flights are carried out with high standards; the logistic units provide prompt support and sufficient supplies; the airport's epidemic prevention measures are actively strengthened; the contingency plan and regulations are revised on a rolling basis. The following areas need to be strengthened in the management of the COVID-19 crisis at Taoyuan Airport: medical information about Taiwan cannot be reported to international organizations in a timely manner; the command authority of Taoyuan Airport is insufficient; there is no insurance and incentive system for airport staff; it is difficult for ground staff at foreign terminals to determine whether a passenger is allowed to enter Taiwan; the health monitoring mechanism for the aviation industry is not fully developed; the border quarantine and domestic medical network are not fully connected; comprehensive PCR testing for inbound passengers is not performed during the outbreak period; automated and intelligent equipment is not widely available; the vaccine passport and certification system have not yet been established.