黨內民主原則之理論與實務：德、日、台政黨規範比較研究

The Intra-Party Democratic Principle in Theory and Practice: A Comparative Study of the Political Parties Acts of Germany, Japan and Taiwan

楊仲傑(Chung-Chieh Yang)

指導教授 ： 吳秀玲

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202000378

摘要

黨內民主係政黨自主之重要原則，在分工逐漸細緻的現代民主秩序中，政黨已是穩定運作的民主國家裡不可或缺之角色。由於政黨之於民主政治的重要性，除了政黨間的互動應符合民主原則外，政黨內部的運作也必須按照如普遍性、公正性、公平性等基本門檻，進而對自身所為之決策與處分負責。本論文透過德國、日本、與中華民國三個政黨政治與憲政發展之案例，採文獻分析和比較分析兩種質化方法，並以上述三國案例分析得到的資料，設定政黨之憲法地位、政黨法制化程度、以及司法權審查範圍等比較項，嘗試歸納出黨內民主原則之操作模型。再藉由筆者所建立之操作模型，對我國現有之政黨規範與黨內民主運作為重新檢視，並嘗試提出法制面之修正建議，以期對我國政黨內部運作之民主化做出貢獻。

關鍵字

政黨法 ； 政黨地位 ； 政黨自主 ； 黨內民主原則 ； 防衛性民主

並列摘要

Intra-party democracy is one of important principle for party autonomy. In a modern democratic order with a gradual and meticulous division of labor, the roles of political parties have become indispensable in a democratic country for stable operations. Due to the importance of political parties as to democratic politics, in addition to the interaction between political parties, which should be in accordance with democratic principles, the internal operation of political parties must also comply with basic thresholds such as universality, impartiality, and equity. Henceforth, the political parties will be able to be responsible for their decisions and sanctions.
This research is based on the cases of the political and constitutional development of the three political parties in Germany, Japan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan), respectively. Through the literature analysis and comparative analysis of the two qualitative methods, along with the data obtained from the analysis of the above three countries, this paper intends to establish the party's constitutional status, degree of legalization and judicial review scope, trying to summarize the operation model of intra-party democratic principles.
Based on the operational model established in this research and taking it a step further, this paper re-examines the current existing party norms and the intra-party democracy operations in Taiwan, and tries to propose amendments to the legal system in order to contribute to the democratization of the internal operation of Taiwan’s political parties.

並列關鍵字

Political parties act ； Party status of Constitution ； Party autonomy ； Intra-party democratic principle ； Defensive democracy

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