- 學位論文
探討新型冠狀病毒疫苗專利暫時豁免之必要性
Discuss on the Necessity of Temporary Waiver of Intellectual Property on COVID-19 Vaccines
摘要
2019年冠狀病毒疾病（COVID-19）肆虐全球，截至2021年6月5日為止，全球至少371萬4923人死於冠狀病毒疾病，至少1億7249萬9930例確診。快速發展的COVID-19疫苗，成為控制疫情的最重要的手段之一，然而，各國間疫苗接種率的差異日益擴大，供應鏈整合不易、關鍵原物料短缺及疫苗專利等都被認為是造成疫苗供應不足且不均的主要原因。 豁免專利的提案最初由南非和印度提出，原提案之豁免範圍係與預防、遏止與治療COVID-19相關的所有事項，修正版提案將豁免範圍限縮於預防、治療與遏止COVID-19之「健康產品與技術」。今（2021）年5月美國宣布支持世貿組織豁免疫苗專利提案，引發產業界及各國領導人展開相關討論。本研究彙整相關報導及發表，認為簡化強制授權制度不足以解決疫情，且暫時豁免疫苗專利有其必要性，也進一步透過PEST分析，討論豁免專利之提案對台灣相關產業可能帶來的影響。 基於人道考量及有助於疫苗普及化等理由，本文建議我國應該支持美國暫時豁免疫苗專利的提案，除了希望透過國際合作及早終結疫情，也期待藉此為國內廠商帶來更多代工機會、形成完整的疫苗產業鏈，並加速開發次世代疫苗及mRNA疫苗相關應用，為台灣生技業帶來正向影響。
並列摘要
The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) ravaged the world. As of June 5, 2021, at least 3.71 million 492,23 people have died from the Coronavirus disease, and at least 172,499,000 have been diagnosed. The fast-developing COVID-19 vaccine has become one of the most important means to control the epidemic. However, the disparity in vaccination rates among countries is increasing, supply chain integration is not easy, the shortage of key raw materials, and vaccine patents are all considered to be the main reason for insufficient and uneven supply of vaccine. The proposal for exempting patents was originally proposed by South Africa and India. The original proposal's exemption scope covers all matters related to the prevention, suppression and treatment of COVID-19. The revised proposal limits the exemption scope to the prevention, treatment and suppression of COVID-19 “Health Products and Technology”. In May 2021, the United States announced its support for the WTO exempt vaccine patent proposal, triggering relevant discussions among industry and leaders of various countries. This study summarizes related reports and publications, to show that simplifying the compulsory authorization system is not enough to solve the epidemic, and that it is necessary to temporarily waive the intellectual property on COVID-19 vaccines. The PEST analysis is also used to discuss the possible impact of temporary IP waiver on Taiwan’s biotechnology industry. Based on humanitarian considerations and for the popularization of vaccines, this article suggests that we should support the US proposal for temporary waiver of vaccine patents. In addition to end the epidemic as soon as possible through international cooperation, it may bring more opportunities to cooperate with global pharmaceutical companies for domestic CDMO, to make vaccine industry chain mature, and accelerate the development of next-generation vaccines and mRNA vaccine-related applications, which could have a positive impact on Taiwan's biotechnology industry.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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