臺灣繁殖鳥類物種多樣性、功能多樣性、及演化獨特性指數在不同棲地類型中的相關性

在評估生物多樣性與檢視保育政策時，多樣性指數一直是被廣泛運用的指標。隨著當代的生態學更加關注生態系統的功能與服務，加上生物資料的累積與數學模型的發展，功能多樣性指數與譜系多樣性指數愈發受到重視。透過了解不同指數間的分布差異與在不同棲地類型的相關性，研究者更能全面地探討生物多樣性的不同面向。本研究使用臺灣繁殖鳥類大調查資料並整理臺灣繁殖鳥類之功能特徵資料，比較了鳥類物種豐富度 (bird species richness; BSR)、香儂指數 (Shannon-Wiener diversity index; Shannon) 與皮洛均勻度指數 (Pielou’s evenness index; J) 等3項物種多樣性指數，功能豐富度 (functional richness; FRic)、功能均勻度 (functional evenness; FEve)、功能分歧度 (functional divergence; FDiv) 與功能離散度 (functional dispersion; FDis) 等4項功能多樣性指數，以及群落譜系獨特性指數(community evolutionary distinctiveness; CED)、群落最大譜系獨特性指數 (community max evolutionary distinctiveness; Max.ED) 等2項演化獨特性指數，共9項指數在不同棲地類型中的差異與相關性。結果顯示，不同棲地類型中的鳥種組成不同，對於各項指數的表現與相關性也不同。農墾地與水域有較高的BSR與FRic；森林、草生地與水域有較高的J與FEve；森林的CED顯著高於其他棲地；而建築區在9項指數中的多樣性都是較低的。BSR、Shannon與FRic之間、J與FEve之間，以及FDis與FDiv之間，在所有棲地類型中皆有顯著正相關；而FRic、FEve與FDiv之間、BSR與FEve之間，以及FEve與FDis之間，在所有棲地類型中的相關性皆不高。在生物多樣性指數的應用上，針對臺灣的繁殖鳥類，本研究建議優先採用FRic、FEve與FDiv這三項彼此較為獨立的指數，其中FRic與FEve分別能夠反映出BSR與J，FDiv則能反映出不同於兩者的生態功能特性。

關鍵字

生物多樣性指數；功能多樣性；功能特徵矩陣；譜系獨特性；多樣性指數矩陣

並列摘要

Diversity indices are widely used in evaluating biodiversity and conservation policies. In recent decades, more ecological studies have been focused on ecosystem function and service. With the accumulation of biological data and the development of mathematical models, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity indices have gradually become important. Understanding the association and distribution between different indices in different habitat types can further help studying multiple dimension of biodiversity. In this study, bird survey dataset from Breeding Birds Survey of Taiwan and functional traits database were used to explore different diversity indices and their association among different habitat types. A total of 9 indices from taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity were compared in this study: bird species richness (BSR), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Shannon), Pielou’s evenness index (J), functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), functional dispersion (FDis), community evolutionary distinctiveness (CED) and community max evolutionary distinctiveness (Max.ED). Results revealed that the composition of breeding bird species differed among habitat types, and the distribution and correlation of each index were also different. BSR and FRic were higher in farmland and water area, J and FEve were higher in forest, grassland and water body, CED was significantly higher in forest, while all indices had lowest value in building area. BSR-Shannon-FRic, J-FEve, and FDis-FDiv had significant positive correlations in all habitat types, while FRic-FEve-FDiv, BSR-FEve, and FEve-FDis were not highly correlated in all habitat types. In conclusion, I suggest FRic, FEve, and FDiv to be use in the breeding bird assemblages of Taiwan. The three functional diversity indices are relatively independent of each other, and among them, FRic and FEve can reflect BSR and J in some degrees separately, and FDiv can reflect the ecological function characteristics different from the two indices.

並列關鍵字

biodiversity index ； diversity indices matrix ； evolutionary distinctiveness ； functional diversity ； functional traits matrix ； phylogenetic diversity ； taxonomic diversity

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臺灣繁殖鳥類物種多樣性、功能多樣性、及演化獨特性指數在不同棲地類型中的相關性

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