性騷擾、職場正義、行業特質與台灣受僱者健康之相關：多階層分析

背景：近年來職場健康促進強調營造支持性的環境，並關注職場社會心理危害對健康的影響。職場性騷擾是一種以性相關行為或性別歧視的形式表現的職場暴力。目前我國對於職場性騷擾之相關研究，仍多聚焦於法律層面或現況調查，少有針對健康影響之探討。此外，職場正義與組織脈絡都會影響職場性騷擾的發生，透過探究個人層次與行業層次特質對受僱者健康的影響，有助於減少在職場性騷擾、職場正義、行業特質與勞工健康之間關係與交互作用的知識缺口。材料與方法：利用2010與2013年「工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查」資料進行分析，兩年共計有樣本數33852人。使用多階層線性迴歸模型，以行業作為第二層單位(n=19)，個人為第一層單位，來了解職場性騷擾與樣本的自評健康、因工作受傷或罹病、自覺身體不適症狀、因病缺勤與重度情緒困擾等健康結果之間的關係。結果：整體而言，職場性騷擾盛行於女性、較低年齡層、工作體力負荷高、工作保障低、心理負荷偏高、與職場正義偏低的受僱者族群。無論性別，曾經歷職場性騷擾者可能增加其自評健康不理想、因工作受傷或罹病與身體不適主訴的勝算比。另外對男性受僱者而言，職場性騷擾經驗會增加其有重度情緒困擾與因病缺勤的風險。此外，以行業別進行分析，則行業別為服務業的受僱者因工作而受傷或罹患疾病的傷病風險低於其他非服務業的受僱者。職場正義可減少受僱者因工作而受傷或罹患疾病的風險。有職場性騷擾經驗的受僱者，若覺知職場正義越高，則因工作而受傷或罹患疾病的風險越低。結論：本研究證實職場性騷擾對受僱者的健康有負面影響，且有性別差異存在。個人層次的職場正義被認為有益於受僱者健康。研究結果也顯示，非服務業的某些行業特質可能會增加勞工的職場風險。研究結果可供政府與雇主作為職業健康促進之參考。

關鍵字

職場性騷擾；職場正義；行業；勞工健康；性別差異

並列摘要

Backgrounds: In recent years, workplace health promotion emphasizes creating a supportive environment, and concerned about the impact of workplace psychosocial hazards. Workplace sexual harassment (SH) is a kind of workplace violence that includes both unwhanted or unwelcome sexual behavior and gender discrimination. In Taiwan, research for workplace SH is still more focused on the legal aspects or prevalence survey instead of health outcomes. In addition, both workplace justice and industry characteristics are related to SH and workers’ health. Therefore, exploring the effects of personal and industry level on workers’ health may decrease the knowledge gap of the association and interaction between SH, workplace justice, industry characteristics and workers’ health. Meterials and Methods: The data were pooled from a nationwide survey conducted in 2010 and 2013 with a representative sample (n = 33,852) of the Taiwan working population. Multilevel linear model is used to examine the correlations between SH and health outcomes which include self-rated health, work-related illness or injury, physical symptoms, sickness absence and severe emotional distress, with industries as Level-2 units (n=19), and individuals as Level-1 units. Workplace Results: In general, those who were female, lower age, high physical load, low job security, higher mental load, and lower workplace justice were found to have higher prevalence of workplace SH. Employees who had experienced SH over the past 12 months were found to be at a higher risk for poor self-rated health, physical symptoms and work-related illness or injury regardless of gender. For male employees, SH may also increase the risk of severe emotional distress and sickness absence. Workplace justice were found to have a direct effect on decreasing the risk of work-related illness or injury. Moreover, workplace justice may act as a buffer against the effect of SH on work-related illness or injury. In addition, employees of service industry were found to have lower risk for work-related illness or injury than non-service industry. Workplace justice and industry characteristics Conclusions: This study confirms the experience of workplace SH are considered harmful to employees' health. Besides, the impact of SH were found to have gender difference. Individual level workplace justice was found to be beneficial for workers’ health. Additionally, some characteristics of non-service industry was associated with poor health among employees. The results have implication for government and employers to promote occupational health.

並列關鍵字

workplace sexual harassment ； workplace justice ； industry ； workers’ health ； gender difference

參考文獻

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性騷擾、職場正義、行業特質與台灣受僱者健康之相關：多階層分析

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