- 學位論文
以數位語音處理技術解決異質視訊會議之同步問題
On Using Digital Speech Processing Techniques for Synchronization among Heterogeneous Teleconferencing Devices
並列摘要
As the popularity of multi-functional telephony devices grows, traditional audio conference now may involve heterogeneous teleconferencing devices, including POTS phone, dual-mode smart phones, pocket PCs, and so on. Among these conferencing devices, some may have the capability of accessing IP networks and supporting video conferencing with peer devices in the audio conference so as to have better conferencing experience. In this scenario, it becomes necessary to synchronize between audio streams, traversed the PSTN network, and video streams, traversed the IP network. While related work has investigated the problem of audio/video synchronization, their scenario is limited to the synchronization within homogeneous network, hence they cannot be applied in the target scenario. Therefore, in this thesis we propose an end-to-end framework for audio/video synchronization. We then simplify the problem as one that requires only synchronization between PSTN and IP audio streams. We first employ a time-domain algorithm based on cross correlation and identify its ineffectiveness in synchronizing distorted audio streams, due to noises or packet losses. Hence, we seek to extract distortion-tolerant audio features by Digital Speech Processing techniques for synchronization. We apply MFCC in the synchronization algorithm and obtain respectable performance for audio streams distorted by codec and packet losses. However, MFCC is inherently vulnerable to overlapping speakers. Therefore, we leverage the sparsity of speeches in spectrograms to design the spectrogram-based synchronization algorithm, and achieve favorable performance for speech mixtures and noisy speech. Evaluation results show that using DSP techniques is helpful in solving the synchronization problem across PSTN audio streams and IP video streams in terms of accuracy and robustness.