城鄉民眾之傳播行為及其對傳染病風險知覺的影響 -- 以肺結核、登革熱為例

Communication Behavior and Risk Perception of Infectious Disease in Urban and Rural areas -- the Case of Tuberculosis and Dengue

沈君儀(Chun-Yi Shen)

指導教授 ： 丁志音

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/衛生政策與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00364

摘要

目的：本研究為城鄉比較研究，目的在了解民眾的傳播行為型態以及其對傳染病風險知覺的影響，特別針對肺結核與登革熱兩種傳染病。

方法：本研究於2007年2月至3月間在屏東縣進行，研究者使用自填式問卷，以便利取樣方式，調查市區與鄉村18歲以上的居民。市區部分隨機選擇屏東市長春里、崇蘭里發放問卷，鄉村部分則以位在屏東縣中部的內埔鄉龍潭村、龍泉村作問卷發放地點。鄉村地區有效樣本為394份，市區部分有效樣本數447份，回收率分別為77.1%與48.1%。

結果：在傳播行為方面：(1) 鄉村和城市民眾都以電視和報紙為主要健康資訊與傳染病資訊來源；(2)市區居民比鄉村居民擁有更多健康與傳染病訊息接收與主動搜尋的管道；(3)在接收傳染病訊息上，電視是最被廣泛使用的資訊來源，比例遠高過其他的來源；(4)在傳染病資訊主動搜尋行為上，市區民眾較偏好以大眾傳播來尋找資訊；而鄉村民眾較偏好以人際傳播來尋找資訊，尤其是社區志工與村里長這個管道。
傳播行為與風險知覺的關係方面，本研究發現：(1)不論城市和鄉村，教育程度越低，對傳染病的風險知覺也越高；(2)就登革熱而言，傳播行為變項和登革熱風險知覺沒有明顯的關聯；(3)就肺結核而言，鄉村民眾肺結核消息暴露越多、傳染病資訊接收來源越少，則對肺結核風險知覺越高；而市區民眾有越多人際傳播接收來源，則對肺結核風險知覺越高。

結論：城鄉民眾的傳播行為與傳播資本有差異，雖然在本研究中，傳播行為變項無法有效預測民眾的風險知覺，但可說明在防治傳染病上，應在城鄉發展不同的傳播策略，以適合城市與鄉村特殊的需求。

關鍵字

傳染病 ； 傳播行為 ； 風險知覺 ； 肺結核 ； 登革熱 ； 城鄉差異

並列摘要

Objective: This rural-urban comparative study aims to understand the pattern of communication behaviors and the role it plays in the risk perceptions of infectious disease, particularly focusing on tuberculosis and dengue.

Method: By using a self-administered questionnaire, this survey was conducted in Pingtung County to collect data from residents aged 18 and older during February to March 2008. Based on a convenience sampling strategy, the potential participants were recruited from Changchun and Chunglan neighborhoods of Pingtung City (urban settings), and Lungtan and Longchuan Villages (rural settings) located in the middle part of the Pingtung County. The final samples consist 447 participants in urban and 394 in rural areas, with a response rate of 48.1% and 77.1%, respectively.

Results: With regard to the pattern of communication behavior: (1) participants from both areas used TV and newspapers as their major sources of health information in general and information for infectious disease in particular, (2) Urban residents were exposed to and actively sought more information sources both in general health issues and issues related to infectious disease, (3) For dealing with infectious disease, TV was apparently the most widely used information source, far beyond other types of sources, and (4) Distinctive information seeking behavior for infectious disease was found between urban and rural participants; the former preferred mass media and the latter, interpersonal sources -- particularly relying on community volunteers and village heads. While linked to risk perceptions, it was found that: (1) Rural and urban residents were alike that lower educational levels led to higher risk perceptions, (2)Communication behavior was not associated with risk perceptions in the case of dengue, for both rural and urban residents, (3) In the case of tuberculosis, rural residents perceived greater risk if they were exposed to more tuberculosis related information but to fewer sources of information; yet for urban residents, greater risk perception was related to exposure to more resources of interpersonal communication.

Conclusion: The pattern of communication behaviors and communication capacity differ between rural and urban residents. Although in this study the communication behavior did not effectively predict residents’ risk perceptions, it is suggested that different communication strategies should be developed to tailor to the specific needs of rural versus urban residents in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

並列關鍵字

infectious diseases ； communication behaviors ； risk perception ； tuberculosis ； dengue ； urban and rural

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