不實財報與預警指標之關聯研究 – 美國公司

Fraudulent Financial Statements and Early Warning Indicators – U.S.A. Company

郭怡君(Yi-Chun Kuo)

指導教授 ： 吳琮璠

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/會計學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.10157

摘要

本研究的目的是希望藉由分析不實的財報與預警指標之間的關連性，以期建立不實財報的早期預警指標。為了觀察並歸結出不實企業的特性，研究中使用美國證券管理委員會在2007年至2011年所發佈的處分函作為主要的資料蒐集來源。在整理分析了美國證券管理委員會發佈的處分函之後，我們利用COMPUSTAT資料庫蒐集財務報表數值，發現常見的盈餘高估項目包含：收入的不實認列、應收帳款的不實認列以及負債的不實認列。更進一步的，我們選擇應計項目、財務績效、非財務衡量以及與市場有關的誘因（例如：由籌資來的現金流量、財務槓桿、淨值市值比以及盈餘價格比）來測試財報不實的公司與財報不實項目之間的關聯性並進一步以Pairwise t-statistics進行結果的統計分析。
當企業財務狀況越來越不好時，高階管理者常常著眼於企業的短期收入，並試圖窗飾財務報表以期達到特定的財務目標；在研究結果中顯示：不實的公司財報中常見盈餘高估項目為收入的不實認列、應收帳款的不實認列以及負債的不實認列；而財報不實的公司會過度使用應計項目來影響財務報表的數字。更進一步發現：應計項目與不實公司兩者之間具有高度且正向的關聯性。

關鍵字

不實財報 ； 盈餘高估 ； 美國發佈之處分函

並列摘要

The purpose of the study is to discover the association between financial statements fraud and early warning indicators. The sample of firms who were subject to SEC enforcement action for overstating earnings was collected to determine if these firms were more likely to utilize accrual items to reach specific financial goals. The scope of the Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAERs), which I chose, was issued between 2007 and 2011. Then COMPUSTAT was used to locate financial information.
The results of the study reveal that there is a high and positive correlation between accrual quality items and misstating firms. In addition, the misstatement of revenues, misstatement of receivables, and misstatement of liabilities were the most three common types of overstatement of earnings.

並列關鍵字

fraudulent financial statements ； overstatement of earnings ； AAER

參考文獻

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