放射線罪之研究

自風險社會的概念提出以來，刑法也慢慢受到此種概念的滲入，當政治、社會環境一步步進逼刑法，解釋學不應屈服，更應以抽象的語言、複雜的邏輯系統層層構築自身堅實壁壘，力求罪刑法定主義，若能融入科學實證與法律言說，將可以使這道防線更為綿密。放射線罪相關條文共有三，分別是一百八十七條之一至之三，自立法以來，從未有人成為本罪之被告。由於此三罪構成要件不明確，倘若對放射科學無基礎瞭解，其射程範圍將會無遠弗屆而遭濫用，因此本文擬融合放射科學之觀點至刑法之中，期能借鏡科學知識限縮構成要件。一方面參考現有法規、科學文獻來建構此等條文；另一方面則是利用國際原子能委員會之報告確立部份條文的保護法益與劑量限制，如此一來便可避免輕易地成立加重結果犯與未遂犯。依據ICRP60號報告，我們可將放射線之生物效應分為二組：隨機效應與確定效應、急性效應與慢性效應，考量到刑法的追訴效率與保護法益之需要，我們可以把隨機效應排除，進而使放射線罪的核心更為明朗清晰。或許這可以成為一個再次打開雙方溝通平台的契機，藉此審視我國放射線罪的合理性與存在必要性。

關鍵字

風險社會；放射線；核能；放逸； ICRP ；隨機效應；確定效應

並列摘要

The criminal law in Taiwan has been influenced by the concept of risk society. Though the political and social landscapes have been enormously changed, the importance of hermeneutics should never be ignored. In order to keep the principle of “No Punishment Without Law”, we inevitably use abstract words and logics to construct the world of criminal law. In some modern regulatory fields such as Radiation, the protection will be enhanced through the integration of the science knowledge and the law. The relevant articles of radiation in Criminal Code of Republic of China (Taiwan) are article187-1, 187-2 and 187-3. So far there is no one has been accused or sentenced by these articles. Due to the vagueness of the element “actus reus” in these articles, it should be interpreted from the point of view of radiological science. Otherwise, the aim to prevent citizens from willful indictment will be jeopardized. The purpose of this thesis is to construct the boundary of radioactive articles based on radiological science knowledge and integrate radiobiology into the contents of these articles. The thesis refers the existing laws, relevant articles and the reports of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). These references will be beneficial for limiting the dose and clarifying the “Rechtsgut” in these articles. According to the ICRP no.26, no.60 and no.103 reports, we can divide the biological effects into two categories. The first category includes the stochastic effects and the deterministic effects. The second includes the early effects and the later effects. Considering the efficiency of the criminal law, the stochastic effects should be ruled out to purify the essential concept of radioactive articles. It is hoped that the study can provide some dialogues between radiological science and law as well as to examine the necessity and the rationality of radioactive articles.

並列關鍵字

risk society ； radioactive articles ； ICRP ； stochastic effects ； deterministic effects

參考文獻

蘇俊雄（1998）。《刑法總論II》。台北：元照。

Arthur Beiser（著），李峻霣（譯）（2003）。近代物理，六版。台北：美商麥格羅•希爾國際股份有限公司。

李茂生（2012）。〈論義務者遺棄罪的罪質與危險犯的概念（上）〉，《法令月刊》，頁179-192。

李茂生（2012）。〈論義務者遺棄罪的罪質與危險犯的概念（下）〉，《法令月刊》，頁356-378。

World Health Organization(2013). Preliminary Dose estimation:from the nuclear accident after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Switzerland: WHO.

國際替代計量

放射線罪之研究

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