鈣於百合灰黴病之防治應用及機制研究

鈣是植物體內必需的重要元素，在植物抗病防禦反應具有重要功能。已知阿拉伯芥細胞內的鈣離子可以和攜鈣素(calmodulin)結合形成複合體，調節水楊酸相關防禦反應，植物體內鈣離子含量增加時過氧化氫含量也會增加，進而啟動防禦路徑；在應用方面，已知在蘋果葉面噴灑氯化鈣可以有效防治蘋果瘡痂病。百合是臺灣的重要花卉作物之一，栽培期間常受到灰黴病菌Botrytis elliptica的感染，造成切花生產之嚴重損失。現行百合灰黴病的管理方法主要是藥劑防治，為了減少化學藥劑的使用量，本研究嘗試利用微粒鈣(m-CaCO3)以及氯化鈣(CaCl2)，噴灑於葵百合葉片，分析其對灰黴病的防治效果，並探討其作用機制。結果發現施用微粒鈣及氯化鈣均可降低病害的嚴重度，微粒鈣及氯化鈣對B. elliptica的孢子發芽及發芽管延長並無影響，故認為微粒鈣及氯化鈣是藉由誘導植物增加抗病性來達到抑制病害的效果。顯微觀察的結果顯示在接種前1天施用微粒鈣及氯化鈣可以提早百合葉片癒傷葡聚醣的累積；並使百合葉片之過氧化氫含量下降，不利於B. elliptica的感染。由於氯化鈣可增加百合葉片水楊酸含量，而微粒鈣可促進茉莉酸調節防禦反應之LsVSP2基因表現量上升，以及增加LsPR10基因之表現量，暗示微粒鈣及氯化鈣可活化不同的防禦路徑，以增進百合葉片對B. elliptica之抵抗能力，進而減少灰黴病菌對百合的危害；此外在田間防治試驗中使用微粒鈣可以有效地減少灰黴病的嚴重度。綜合以上之結果推斷，微粒鈣及氯化鈣具有防治百合灰黴病的應用潛力，可望開發為減少化學藥劑使用及維護消費者健康的綠色資材。

關鍵字

百合灰黴病；微粒鈣； Botrytis elliptica ；癒傷葡聚醣；過氧化氫；水楊酸；植物防禦相關基因

並列摘要

Calcium is an essential element in plants and has important functions for plant defense. Calcium can bind calmodulin to modulate salicylic acid-mediated plant defense in Arabidopsis. The increase of calcium concentration can induce accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, further activate defense pathways. In practical application, foliar spray of calcium chloride (CaCl2) is known to suppress apple leaf scab. Lilies, a flower crop with economic importance in Taiwan, are often infected by Botrytis elliptica, a fungal pathogen of gray mold, that causes a servere loss in cut-flower production. Traditional control measure of lily gray mold is the use of chemical pesticides. To reduce the use of fungicides, foliar spray of micro-calcium carbonate (m-CaCO3) and CaCl2 instead of fungicides were applied to test their suppressive effect on lily gray mold and perform mechanism study of disease control in this study. In addition, lily ‘Stargazer’ transcriptome was established before analysis of the expression of defense-related genes after calcium treatment. The results of biocontrol assay indicated that m-CaCO3 and CaCl2 could suppress disease development of lily gray mold. Since spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. elliptica were not inhibited by m-CaCO3 and CaCl2, suppressing fungal attacke via activation of plant defense by these calcium compounds was presumed. The microscopical examination showed that callose deposition appeared earlier while inoculated with B. elliptica at one day after calcium treatment, indicating a priming effect of plant defense could be conducted by these calcium compounds. Reduction of hydrogen peroxide concentration supported suppressive effect on B. elliptica infection by these calcium compounds. However, increase of salicylic acid concentration and expressions of LsVSP2 and LsPR10 by micro-carbonate but not calcium chloride treatment indicated different defense pathways activated. In addition, the control efficacy of lily gray mold by micro-carbonate was further demonstrated in field assays. Thus, these calcium compounds are potential agents for the control of lily gray mold and can be developed as green materials for the reduction of fungicide use.

並列關鍵字

Lily gray mold ； calcium, Botrytis elliptic ； callose, hydrogen peroxide ； salicylic acid ； plant defense-related genes

參考文獻

2. 范美玲。1997。如何幫助觀葉植物過冬。花蓮區農業專訊 22: 14-16。

3. 張汶肇, 張錦興, 林棟樑。2007。茂谷柑果實日燒發生現象及預防。台南區農業專訊 59: 1-6。

6. Agarwal, S., Sairam, R. K., Srivastava, G. C., Tyagi, A., Meena, R. C. 2005. Role of ABA, salicylic acid, calcium and hydrogen peroxide on antioxidant enzymes induction in wheat seedlings. Plant Sci. 169: 559-570.

7. Ann, P. J., Tsai, J. N., Wong, I. T., Hsieh, T. F., Lin, C. Y. 2009. A simple technique, concentration and application schedule for using neutralized phosphorous acid to control Phytophthora diseases. Plant Pathol. Bull. 18: 155-165.

8. Apel, K., Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 373-399.

國際替代計量

鈣於百合灰黴病之防治應用及機制研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽