打椿聲音對圈養瓶鼻海豚行為的影響

Behavioral responses of captive bottlenose dolphins to pile driving playback sound

邱侑蓮(You-Lien Chiu)

指導教授 ： 周蓮香

共同指導教授 ： 楊瑋誠

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生態學與演化生物學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201702728

摘要

近年來離岸風機綠能的蓬勃發展，其建設期間的打椿工程所產生的水下噪音對於鯨豚類的潛在衝擊頗巨。為提供水下噪音規範擬定的參考資料，本論文以3隻圈養在同一水池中的瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)進行打椿聲音回播試驗，給予不同聲壓的打椿聲音(平均尖峰聲壓值為控制組未播音、低音量127、中音量147以及高音量160 dB re 1 μPa共四組)各30分鐘，記錄分析各海豚在播放期間的13項行為和7區空間分布之表現。結果發現海豚在行為反應上會因聲音暴露時段與音量有差異，但空間分布與音量之間沒有明顯關係。在全程30分鐘期間內，除「休息」以及「摩蹭物體」行為在高音量組有增加外，大多數行為在不同的聲壓之間沒有顯著差異。但是當分割成10分鐘觀察期單位時，有顯著差異的行為再增加「游泳」、「快游」、「面向柵欄」、「喇叭周圍逗留」、「垂直於水面」等5項行為，不過大部分行為在3隻海豚間的表現沒有穩定趨勢。整體而言，行為表現在最高音量明顯改變者佔73 %。比較3段10分鐘期間的反應趨勢時可發現89 %有顯著差異者在起始的10分鐘時段表現上升，包括「游泳」、「休息」、「面向柵欄」、「社交」、「摩蹭物體」、「呼吸速率」共6項行為。本研究結論指出瓶鼻海豚的行為中有7項行為在不同打椿音量組間會有些顯著差異，其中「休息」、「面向柵欄」、「摩蹭物體」在最高音量(撥出尖峰聲壓值160 dB re 1 μPa)時會增加，而「游泳」在高音量時減少。不同海豚個體間差異頗大，不過部分行為在前十分鐘表現較多，之後則下降，這可能與海豚對刺激產生習慣化有關。

關鍵字

打椿 ； 圈養 ； 瓶鼻海豚 ； 海下噪音 ； 行為 ； 聲音暴露 ； 離岸風機

並列摘要

In recent years, there has been rapid development of offshore windfarm. During the construction of wind turbine, the underwater anthropogenic sound produced by pile driving has become one of major impacts on cetaceans. In order to provide reference for underwater noise criterion, this study investigate the behavioral responses of three captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncates), which were kept in the same pool, toward pile driving sound. They were simultaneously exposed to the sound with 4 sound levels (mean received Lpeak for low-level 127, mid-level 147 and high-level 160 dB re 1 μPa and one control without playback) for 30 min. 13 types of behaviors and 7 area distribution in the pool were recorded and analyzed. There were no obvious relationship of spatial distribution and sound level. Except resting and rubbing object behavior increased during high-level sound, most behaviors in 30-min period had no difference among different sound levels. When divided time into three 10-min period, there were significant changes on 5 other behaviors such as “swimming”, “fast swimming”, “facing fence”, “checking around transducer” and “vertical position”, though there were no consistency among 3 individuals. In general, there were 73 % of behavioral changes happened when in high-level sound. Comparing behavioral response among three 10-min period, 89 % of significant changes were higher in the first minute, including “swimming”, “resting”, “facing fence” and “socializing” behavior and “respiratory rate”. The study indicated that part of bottlenose dolphins’ behaviors were significant different among sound level. Among those, dolphins showed an increase on “resting” and “rubbing object” behavior and decrease on “swimming” during high-level of pile driving sound (mean received Lpeak 160dB re 1 μPa). Though behaviors of each dolphins are quite different, some of their responses performed more in the first 10-min session and decreased later, which might probably due to habituation of dolphins to sound stimuli.

並列關鍵字

pile driving ； captive ； Tursiops truncates ； underwater noise ； behavior ； sound exposure ； offshore windfarm

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