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  • 學位論文

釕金屬丙二烯基的環化與含呋喃錯合物之熱裂解反應

The Cyclization of Ruthenium Allenylidene Complexes and Pyrolysis of Ruthenium Furyl Complexes

指導教授 : 林 英 智

摘要


探討含有環戊二烯的釕金屬錯合物與多種的丙烯醇、丙烯醚和烯炔化合物的合成與反應性。陽離子釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物 [Ru]=C=CHR 可由 [Ru]-Cl 和各式的 HC≡C-R 反應而得到。[Ru]-Cl 和化合物1 在甲醇為溶劑下反應,生成釕金屬丙二烯基的中間產物,因 Cα 具正電性,使得苯環上的OH 基團攻擊Cα 而形成環狀的碳烯 (carbene) 錯合物 2。如果將化合物 1 的 OH 基團改為 O-allyl基團,且在相同的條件下反應, allyl 基團會脫去,可的到相似的環狀碳烯錯合 物 4。將溶劑換為二氯甲烷,[Ru]-Cl 和化合物 3 (1,8-enyne) 反應則會生成PPh3加成在 Cγ 上的釕金屬炔基化合物 5 ([Ru]-C≡C-CH(PPh3)R)。再與DMAD 作用則可移除加成在 Cγ 上的PPh3 形成釕金屬丙二烯基錯合物 6。將此錯合物 6 在氯仿下加熱至50℃反應一天以上,其 OR 基團的 R 基團依舊會離去而再次形成環狀的碳烯錯合物 4。另外 1,6-enyne (8) 與 [Ru]-Cl 反應可得到釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物 ([Ru]=C=CHCH=CH-C(Ph2)CH=CH2) (9),此亞乙烯基錯合物 Cβ 上的氫具酸性,可再與鹼反應生成錯合物 ([Ru]-C≡C-CH=CH-C(Ph2)CH=CH2) (10) 。之後再與ROOCCH2X (R= Me, Et) 反應, 而得到釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物 ([Ru]=C=C(CH2COOR)CH=CH-C(Ph2)CH=CH2) (11) 。以 nBu4NOH 除去錯合物 11上酯類基團的 Cα 氫,而可以得到釕金屬呋喃錯合物 12。原本期望此錯合物 12 上的呋喃基團和C3、C4的雙鍵或是末端的雙鍵可以進行 Diels-Alder 反應。可是 Diels-Alder 反應並沒有發生,而是發生熱烈解反應,其中的一個 PPh3 配基被移除,而另一個 PPh3 配基中的一個苯環鄰位與 Cα 相接,而形成 η2 的π配位化合物 13。此外化合物 14 (1,5-enyne) 與 [Ru]-Cl 反應,也可得到亞乙烯基錯合物 15,再和鹼反應可產生錯合物 ([Ru]-C≡C-CH2C(Ph2)CH=CH2) 16,但卻無法如上述的錯合物 10 一樣繼續和 ROOCCH2X 反應。推測其原因應該是錯合物 16 的兩個苯環取代基距離 Cβ 較近而阻礙其與 ROOCCH2X 反應。 化合物 17a 與 [Ru]-Cl 反應,因脫水反應可發生在 Cβ 和Cγ 之間或是Cγ 和Cδ 之間,而分別形成釕金屬亞丙二烯基錯合物 18a 與釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物 18a’,若是和化合物 17b 反應,因脫水反應只會發生在 Cβ 和Cγ 之間而只形成釕金屬亞丙二烯基錯合物 18b. 丙烯醚 21 與 [Ru]-Cl 反應並非得到相對應的釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物,而是 O-allyl 基團脫去,產生釕金屬碳烯錯合物 22。另外再繼續和不同的鹼反應會有不同的結果產生。錯合物 22 若是和 Al2O3 反應可脫去 Cδ 上的氫,而形成錯合物 24。若是和甲醇鈉反應,則 OMe- 基團扮演親核性試劑的角色,攻擊在Cγ 上,形成錯合物 23。

並列摘要


The synthesis and reactivity of ruthenium complex containing the cyclopentadienyl ligand with propargyl alcohol, propargyl ether or enyne are studied. Cationic metal vinylidene complex [Ru]=C=CHR is prepared from the reaction of [Ru]-Cl with various HC≡C-R. [Ru]-Cl reacts with compound 1 in refluxing methanol results in the allenylidene complex intermediate, and then the OH group of the phenyl attacks the Cα to form the cyclic carbene complex 2 since the property of positive charge of Cα. If changing the substitute of compound 1 from OH group to O-allyl group and reacts with [Ru]-Cl in same condition, the allyl group is removed and gets the similar cyclic carbene complex 4. In case of using dichloromethane as the reaction solvent, reaction of [Ru]-Cl with compound 3 (1,8-enyne) affords the ruthenium acetylide complex 5 with the PPh3 group addition at Cγ. The PPh3 group is taken away when the complex 5 reacts with DMAD to form the ruthenium allenylidene complex 6. The complex 6 is heated to 50℃ in chloroform for one day, the R group still removed to give to cyclic carbene complex 4. Reaction of 1,6-enyne 8 with [Ru]-Cl affords the vinylidene complex 9. Because the hydrogen of Cβ is acidic, deprotonation can take place by sodium methoxide to afford the acetylide complex 10. The alkylation can occur by ruthenium acetylide complex 10 reacting with alkyl halide (ROOCCH2X) to get the vinylidene complex 11. The deprotonation of complex 11 with nBu4NOH in acetone affords the ruthenium furyl complex 12. We try to use the furan as diene and the pending olefin group C3=C4 or C6=C7 as dienophile of complex 12 carries out Diels-Alder reaction. The pyrolysis reaction is come up instead of the anticipate Diels-Alder reaction; one of the PPh3 ligand is removed and the phenyl group of another PPh3 bond to Cα results in the complex 13. Beside, compound 14 can react with [Ru]-Cl to afford the vinylidene complex 15, then treatment with sodium methoxide gives the ruthenium acetylide complex. Nevertheless, the alkylation does not take place. We speculate that the two bulky Ph group is near Cβ on the complex 16 than that in complex 10, so the Cβ of complex 10 can easily attack the R+ to get the vinylidene complex. Compound 17a reacts with [Ru]-Cl, the dehydration can carried out between Cβ and Cγ, or between Cγ and Cδ to form the allenylidene complex 18a’ and vinylidene complex 18a respectivelly. The dehydration only takes places between Cβ and Cγ to gives the allenylidene complex 18b. Compound 21 reacts with [Ru]-Cl affords the ruthenium carbene complex 22 not the anticipated vinylidene complex, the O-allyl group is removed. Then treatment the carbene complex 22 with different bases gives the different product. Reaction of complex 22 and Al2O3 gets the complex 24. However, treatment complex 22 with sodium methoxide results in the complex 23; the methoxide group serves as the nucleophiles attacks the Cγ.

並列關鍵字

ruthenium carbene vinylidene furyl

參考文獻


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