建築消防撒水管線系統耐震性能評估方法研究

Seismic Evaluation Methods for Fire Protection Sprinkler Piping Systems in Buildings

林凡茹(Fan-Ru Lin)

指導教授 ： 張國鎮

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700409

摘要

近年來由於性能設計理念蓬勃發展，建築結構之耐震能力獲得提升，地震造成之主要災害以及經濟損失已從結構轉為非結構系統。醫院非結構設備中之消防撒水系統於中小型地震中，若於某處發生漏水，或天花板經撒水頭碰撞發生粉塵掉落、擴孔等災情，甚至於大震中，撒水系統支撐處失去抗震能力，可能造成醫院中斷正常醫療機能，且無法阻止淹水、火災等二次災害。因此，消防撒水系統需要以性能設計法進行耐震評估，若耐震容量不足則必須進行補強。本研究參考FEMA P58性能設計概念，考量案例醫院結構在沒有發生倒塌，且可修復的前提下，進而探討結構物附屬之非結構系統(消防管線等設備物)易損性。
本研究以案例醫院為例，檢核管線系統損及天花板、漏水、崩塌等破壞模式等耐震性能表現，透過數值模型分析結果建立詳細評估之易損性曲線，據以提出適合工程師應用之簡化評估方法與流程。研究內容簡述如下：
1. 非結構耐震性能評估方法與程序：本研究探討FEMA P58耐震性能表現計算程序，考量高震度下建築內部非結構行為不確定性並提高非結構系統易損性分析準確性，提出非結構易損性分析方法與樓板歷時分析程序建議。
2. 消防管線元件耐震容量與系統數值模型建立與驗證：本研究透過消防管線系統螺紋式、溝槽式接頭進行純彎矩與撓剪實驗、天花板材單向抗壓試驗，而得管線系統易損元件之數值模型參數，並利用分析軟體SAP2000建立案例醫院消防管線系統模型，模擬管線與天花板或隔間牆之間、螺紋接頭以及吊桿之非線性行為，並依病房單元消防管線子系統之振動台實驗與現地微振量測結果，驗證數值模型準確性。
3. 建築消防管線系統易損性分析方法與受震需求研究：本研究參照FEMA P-58之建築性能設計流程，提出建築內部消防管線系統易損性分析方法之建議，並利用數值軟體MIDAS建立案例醫院結構數值模型而得非線性建築結構反應，同時亦建立符合AC156通用性樓板反應譜之加速度歷時，探討管線易損性分析使用之輸入波特性影響以及地震強度增量規劃。
4. 案例醫院消防管線性能評估與簡化評估方法建議：本研究依據上述之案例醫院消防撒水系統數值模型進行增量動力分析，而得管線系統損及天花板、漏水、崩塌等破壞模式之易損性曲線，並依醫院消防管線系統特性，提出工程師可操作之簡化評估方法，並以增量動力分析結果驗證準確性。

關鍵字

非結構系統耐震性能評估 ； 消防管線系統 ； 天花板系統 ； 螺紋接頭 ； 易損性分析 ； 簡化評估方法

並列摘要

Based on recent earthquakes experiences in Taiwan, losses do not necessarily result from damages of building structures but non-structural components. For instance, the leakage of the fire protection sprinkler systems in hospitals during small earthquakes could results in shortage of medical function and fire protection, and malfunction and repairs of medical equipment. The break of sprinkler systems caused by strong earthquakes could even harm the life safety. Taking a medium-scale hospital as an example, this research aims to conduct a simplified seimic evaluation method to to improve seismic performance of the fire protection sprinkler system in critical buildings. The content of this research is summarized below:
1. Assessment procedure for seismic performance of nonstructural systems: Based on the FEMA P-58 performance evaluation framework, in order to decrease the uncertainty of the assemsment results of the seismic behaviors of nonstructural system in buildings during extremely strong motions, modified assessment procedures for calculations of seismic performance and fragility analysis of nonstructural systems are proposed in this study.
2. Numerical model of the sample sprinkler piping system: a simplified numerical model of the fire protection sprinkler system in the sample hospital was established for fragility analysis with SAP2000 v.15 software. Proper parameters to simulate the threaded joint of piping and the gap between adjacent partition walls or ceiling systems were proposed and verified by the results of component tests and shaking table tests. Ambient vibration tests in the sample hospital were conducted with velocimeters to clarify the structural characteristics of the building structure and the sprinkler piping system.
3. Fragility analysis of sprinkler piping systems: seismic fragility curves the fire protection sprinkler system in the sample hospital were conducted according to a mount of detailed analysis results and verified by the real damage state under Chia-Shen earthquake. The effects of parameters on fragility results are discussed, and a simplified fragility analysis procedure for sprinkler piping systems in buildings was suggested for engineers as well.
4. Simplified seismic evaluation method for sprinkler piping systems: according the tests and detailed analysis results, the seismic behavior of typical sprinkler piping systems in hospitals can be estimated by the information obtained from in-situ survey. The conservative level and accuracy of simplified evaluation results were verified by fragility analysis results.

並列關鍵字

seismic assessment procedure for nonstructural systems ； sprinkler piping systems ； ceiling systems ； screwed fitting ； fragility anasysis ； simplified seimic evaluation method

參考文獻

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