渦流浮性粒子過濾器暨高填充率流動式生物濾床用於循環水養殖系統的可行性研究

Feasibility study of swirling floating particle filter and floating biofilter with high filling rate for recirculating aquaculture systems

巫宗樺(Zong-Hua Wu)

指導教授 ： 朱元南

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700416

摘要

台灣的循環水養殖系統一般使用固定式濾床，需要較大的空間，且容易阻塞及維護不便。本研究擬利用流動濾床不易阻塞的特性，探討浮性濾材於固體過濾和生物過濾的可行性。本研究設計一渦流浮性粒子過濾器，將大型固體顆粒以離心沈降先行分離，再以浮性PE塑膠粒濾材過濾殘留之小顆粒，並以切線入水帶動刮除機構避免壁面累積污物。試驗結果顯示，浮性濾材填充高度16cm與8cm時之水流量沒有差異，但填充16cm時的機械去除率提升12.5%。流量1m3/h與3m3/h的機械去除率分別為69.8±0.2%與52.8±0.1%，顯示流速越慢去除率越高。機械去除率與文獻之實驗相比互有上下，但本研究整合渦流分離器與浮性粒子過濾器為一體，外圍環形打氣管使過濾器高度更為緊湊，泵浦後置將固體顆粒打散的可能降低，可減少設備佔地及成本，是為一良好的設計。本研究使用K1濾材，測試外圍環型打氣管與中央打氣管移動浮性濾材的效果，前者在濾材填充率90%時，仍可有效移動濾材達到上下循環，相較於K1濾材官方建議之60∼70%的填充率可提供更多的比表面積，且所需之液氣比為4:1，可節省一半的供氣量。在氯化銨餵食濃度90ppm的生物濾床試驗，流動式濾床與固定式濾床分別可提供167.7g/m3與193.7g/m3的去除效率，後者較前者提升了15.5%的效率。將填充率的因素納入計算，與文獻的實驗相比提升了30.67%~50.93%的效率。顯見改良後的流動濾床有較高之TAN單位體積去除效率。將渦流浮性粒子過濾器與流動式生物濾床結合進行養殖魚類實驗，系統電量約100w，飼養48.3公斤之養殖生物於1.2噸之FRP養殖桶，每天投餌量400∼600g，經過一個半月，TAN和NO2-N濃度均維持在1ppm以下，於相同的生物負載下，流動式濾床所需的佔地空間及成本減少為丹麥固定式濾床的三分之一。故上述研究結果顯示浮性濾材應用於循環水養殖系統具有可行性。

關鍵字

循環水系統 ； 渦流分離器 ； 浮性粒子過濾器 ； 流動式濾床 ； 填充率

並列摘要

Taiwan’s recirculating aquaculture systems generally use fixed bed filter, requiring large space, easy to block and inconvenience of maintenance. Therefore, this study using floating media for the feasibility of solid filtration and biofilter. In this study, the large solid particles were separated by centrifugal sedimentation, and the remaining small particles were filtered by the PE plastic filter with a swirling floating media filter. The tangential water was used to drive the scraping mechanism to avoid accumulating dirt on the wall. The experimental results show that there is no difference in flow rate between 16cm and 8cm high for the floating media, but the mechanical removal rate is increased by 12.5% when filled with 16cm. The mechanical removal rates of flow rate 1m3 / h and 3m3 / h were 69.751 ± 0.168% and 52.783 ± 0.086%, respectively, indicating that the smaller the flow rate was, the higher the removal rate was. The mechanical removal rate is almost same with the literature experiment. But this research integrates the swirling separator and the floating media filter. The outer annular air pipe makes the height of the filter more compact. The solid particles were less broken when the pump was install after bead filter. This design is good for reducing equipment footprint and cost. In this study, K1 filter was used to test the effect of the floating media filter between the outer ring and the middle air pipe. The former can effectively move the media upside down when the filling rate is 90%. The 90% filling rate can provide more surface area, and the required liquid to gas ratio of 4: 1,which can save half of the gas supply. The experiment with 90ppm ammonium chloride concentration, the moving bed filter and the fixed bed filter can provide 167.7g / m3 and 193.7g / m3 removal efficiencies, respectively, and the latter improved the efficiency by 15.5%. When the filling factor was calculated, the efficiency was improved by 30.67% ~ 50.93% compared with the literature. It is evident that the improved moving bed filter has a higher TAN unit volume removal efficiency. The fish experiments combinding swirling floating media filter and moving bed filter, the system power about 100W, were breeded 48.3 kg of aquaculture in 1.2 tons of FRP tank. Feeding amount of 400 ~ 600g for daily, after one and a half months, TAN and NO2-N concentrations were maintained below 1ppm. The moving bed filter only required one-third the floor space of the fixed bed filter with the same bioburden. Therefore, the above results show that the application of the floating media filter for recirculating aquaculture systems is feasible.

並列關鍵字

recirculation system ； swirling separator ； floating media filter ； moving bed biofilm reactor ； filling rate

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