共生關係與移工視野：台灣移工運動的變遷、組織與未來

台灣從九零年代初開始引進移工，初期由教會背景的組織承擔揭露移工處境與維護移工人權的工作，爾後本地工運出身的運動者進入教會組織，並在1999年創立第一個非教會背景的本地移工組織。兩千年後則陸續有不同型態的移工自主團體出現。台灣的移工運動隨著時空背景和組織條件的變換，經歷由人權、勞動權到非公民政治權的運動議程變遷。運動的推進與實踐有賴於不同型態的移工運動組織的作用，這些團體可以分為本地移工團體聯盟、本地移工團體、移工自主團體聯盟、移工自主團體和移工工會。本篇論文將MENT、HOPE、VMWBO、TIWA、IPIT 與越南移工工會作為考察對象，除了描繪不同型態的組織面貌和運動邏輯，同時也指出不同型態的組織在移工運動中所形成的「共生關係」，是延續移工運動的重要基礎。移工運動與本地工運從九零年代開始就維持疏離的關係，一方面本地工會的發展有其結構性限制，另一方面移工運動與本地工運也存在幾項合作的障礙，分別是語言與國族偏見、組織條件不對等、分立勞動體制下的利益不一致，和仲介取代工會角色。然而這些限制與障礙的存在並不代表移工運動與本地工運沒有合作的可能，而是在本地工運比移工運動更具有資源及優勢的情況下，建立本地工運的移工視野，有助於突破運動之間疏離的困境。最後，這篇論文試圖透過指出共生關係與移工視野的重要性，推進移工運動內部以及移工運動與本地工運之間的積極合作關係。

關鍵字

共生關係；移工視野；移工運動；台灣移工聯盟；移工自主團體；移工工會

並列摘要

Taiwan officially started to introduce migrant workers from 1990s. Initially,church-based organizations revealed the terrible condition of migrant workers and tried to protect migrant workers’ human rights. Activists from local labor movement enteredchurch-based organizations latter, them established the first non-church-based local migrant organization on 1999. Many different kinds of migrant independentorganizations established after 2000s. As changing times and organizational conditions of migrant workers’ movement in Taiwan, the movement agenda shifted from human rights to labor rights then to non-citizens’ political rights. The advancement and practice of migrant workers movement depend on different kinds of migrant movement organizations. These organizations including alliance of local migrant workers’ organization, local migrant workers’ organization, alliance of migrant workers’ independent organization, migrant workers’ independent organization and migrant workers’ union. This thesis investigates MENT, HOPE, VMWBO, TIWA, IPIT and Vietnamese Workers’ Union. Besides show different contents and movement logics of these organizations, this thesis aims to reveal that “collaborative relationship” is an important base to maintain migrant workers’ movement. Migrant workers’ movement and local labor movements are indifferent since 1990s. In one hand, local labor movement has its own structural limitation. In the other hand, there are also some obstacles between migrant workers’ movement and local labor movement which are language and prejudice, inconsistent organizational conditions, inconsistent benefits under different labor policies and the tightly control of agency. However, these limitations and obstacles doesn’t means there are no possibility between migrant workers movement and local labor movement. It is possible to break through the indifference if we can establish migrant perspective in local labor movement. Finally, this thesis attempts to show the importance of collaborative relationship and migrant perspective which are contribute to encourage the relationship between movements.