空氣污染微粒在植物表面之沈降與脫離

Deposition and Removal of Air Pollution Particles on Plant surfaces

蔡志明(Chih-Ming Tsai)

指導教授 ： 王亞男 ； 孫岩章

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00364

摘要

中文摘要
本研究研發已利用電腦掃描器，進行葉片面積之量測工具。主要係掃描葉片成圖檔，利用圖片中的像素與程式軟體計算掃瞄後的葉面積值，發現此種方法可快速獲得精確的葉面積值。

另已設計揚塵器及揚塵箱利用人工揚塵箱測試13種樹種葉片之滯塵效率，結果發現龍柏之滯塵效率為最高、其次為木麻黃、羅漢松。另發現在固定風向條件下懸浮微粒會依慣性作用而積聚葉緣地方，又比較13種樹種發現一般葉面積小之樹種滯塵量較葉面積大者為高，而一般經噴濕後滯塵量皆比乾者為大。

本研究另經測試6種植物乾及濕枝條之滯塵效率，所用微粒包括有塵土及水泥微粒。結果顯示濕枝條的滯塵量一般皆比乾枝條多，且枝條在噴濕潤後不易乾燥者如正榕及楓香會具有較大的滯塵量。

經設計均勻揚塵箱及人工降雨淋洗箱後，本研究已模擬並量測降雨對7種植物葉表四種微粒之淋洗效率，結果發現除了艷紫荊葉表水泥比塵土微粒淋洗效率大之外，其他6種植物葉表各微粒之淋洗效率依次排列為塵土＞水泥＞燃煤飛灰＞燃油飛灰。

各種受測之植物之水滴接觸角皆被量測，以探討接觸角和滯塵效率及降雨淋洗效率間的相關性，結果發現10種葉片的水滴接觸角對葉表塵土之相關性R2為0.6658，而與水泥間之R2為0.7668，7種葉片的水滴接觸角對葉表燃煤飛灰之相關性R2為0.6117，此三項顯示呈現高度相關性，但對燃油飛灰間之R2為0.0283顯示接觸角與之無相關性。

關鍵字

淋洗效率 ； 接觸角 ； 葉面積 ； 滯塵效率

並列摘要

English Summary

A computer scanner method was developed to measure the leaf area in this study. This method calcutated the leaf area by counting total dot numbers on each scanned map of leaves.

In order to evaluate the dust catching efficiency of plant leaves, a dust chamber was designed and a dust generator were used to produce dust for the experiments. The dust catching efficiency of 13 tree species were determined in the chamber. Results showed that Juniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka had the best efficiency, followed by were Casuarina equisetifolia and Podocarpus costalis. We found that the amount of particulate matters was usually highest at the edge of each leaf due to inertia function. The species with smaller leaf area usually have higher dust-catching efficiency as compared with those larger leaf area. Wet leaves have higher dust catching efficiency as compared with dry leaves.

The dust-catching efficiency of plant stems was also determined for 6 species. Both dust and cement particulate were used in this study. Results showed that wet stems have higher dust-catching efficiency as compared with dry stems. Wet stems （eg. Ficus microcarpa and Liquidambar formosana）which are difficult to be dry usually have higher dust deposition as compared with the others.

Rain-cleaning efficiencies of soil dust, cement dust, coal-fired fly ash and oil-fired fly ash on 7 plant leaves were compared in a simulated rain chamber. The rain-cleaning efficiency of cement dust on Bauhinia blakeana is higher than those of soil dust. While the 6 plants showed their rain-cleaning efficiency of all particles in the descending order as dust ＞cement＞coal-fire fly ash＞oil-fire fly ash.

The contact angles between water droplet and leaf surface were measured with an instrument . These contact angles were compared with dust-catching efficiencies, as well as rain-cleaning efficiency. The R2 between contact angle and the rain-cleaning efficiency of dust for 10 species wsa 0.6658. For cement, the R2 is 0.7668 . For coal-fired fly ash particles in 7 species, the R2 is 0.6117. Results show that they are closes related. But oil-fired fly ash particles, R2 is 0.0283, did not show strong correlation relationship.

並列關鍵字

rain-cleaning efficiency ； dust-catching efficiency ； contact angle ； leaf area

參考文獻

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