燃料電池與超電容混合電源之研製

Development of a Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Power System

韓昕翰(Shin-Han Han)

指導教授 ： 林巍聳

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.00668

摘要

本研究的目的是研發一套氫燃料電池與超電容混合電源系統做為電動車的電源，該混合電源具有高能量密度與高功率密度的特色，並且可以快速回收再生電流。混合電源的系統架構可以分為儲電元件、能量管理策略、直流轉換器與控制電路、以及負載馬達與控制器。直流轉換器的控制電路執行反演滑模控制法則，能量管理策略則試圖讓氫燃料電池與超電容各自分攤合適的負載功率，以保護氫燃料電池使其免於因過載而受損，並且將超電容的儲電狀態維持在合適值，使其隨時都能提供急需功率和回收再生電流。研發混合電源實驗系統著重於直流轉換器控制器的設計，由於直流轉換器控制實際上面對的是非線性時變系統的控制問題，直流轉換器的電路參數與負載都會隨時間變動，經過多次嘗試之後，發現在反演控制的架構下加入滑模控制可以達成控制目標。模擬結果顯示控制效能超越傳統的電壓模式控制或電流模式控制。本研究製作完成一套氫燃料電池與超電容混合電源的實驗系統，並以實驗驗證各項設計，包括功率分配與再生電流回收等功能，試驗結果顯示能量管理策略與直流轉換器控制法則可以達成設計目標。

關鍵字

車用混合儲電系統 ； 直流轉換器 ； 氫燃料電池 ； 超電容 ； 電動車

並列摘要

This research aims at the development of a vehicular Hybrid Power Source (HPS) with fuel cell and ultracapacitors. The HPS features high energy density and high power density, and may retrieve regenerative current effectively. The architecture of the HPS contains the fuel-cell, the ultracapacitor, the Energy Management System (EMS), the DC-DC converter system, and the motor load. The DC-DC converter system implements a Backstepping-Sliding-Mode (BSM) control strategy in order to deal with the time-varying, nonlinear environment. The EMS tries to split power between the fuel cell and the ultracapacitor. The aim is that the fuel cell would not be over loaded, and the ultracapacitor would hold appropriate state-of-charge capable of supplying urgent power demand and retrieving regenerative current. Much research effort has been paid to developing the DC-DC converter system due to it confronting a complicated time-varying, nonlinear environment. Eventually, the BSM control strategy was discovered to be efficacious. Simulation tests show that the BSM control strategy in the DC-DC converter system outperforms that uses the voltage- and current-mode control. An experimental HPS with fuel cell and ultracapacitors is implemented. The functions of the BMS and the BSM control strategy are investigated on the experimental HPS. The results show that the proposed design is efficacious.

並列關鍵字

Vehicular hybrid power system ； DC-DC converter ； Fuel cell ； Ultra-capacitor ； Electric vehicle

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