動態電壓調整器應用在穩定併聯於市電之感應發電機端電壓之研究

Application of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer to Regulate the Terminal Voltage of a Grid-tied Squirrel-cage Induction Generator

張家閔(Chia-Ming Chang)

指導教授 ： 許源浴

國立臺灣大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00634

摘要

隨著能源危機以及氣候變遷的問題日益嚴重，世界各國紛紛投入再生能源的研究。風能是種取之不盡，用之不竭，且零污染的能源，因此風力發電成為熱門的研究對象之一。而在發電機組中，由於鼠籠式感應發電機成本低廉、架構單純、控制方法簡單，因此常被選作為風力發電機組。然而鼠籠式感應發電機本身缺乏對無效電力的控制，而且所輸出的電力受到發電機端電壓之影響甚鉅，因此當系統發生負載變動甚至是故障，造成端電壓下降時，將可能使感應發電機產生失速的現象，造成跳機或者損壞的危險。此外，當風速不穩定時，將造成發電機端電壓之變動，影響發電機組輸出的電力。
本論文中設計一個以模糊邏輯控制器為核心之動態電壓調整器，將其應用於鼠籠式感應發電機併聯市電的系統中，以穩定發電機端電壓。本論文將以實驗來驗證不論是在負載變動或者轉速變動的情形下，動態電壓調整器皆能適度提供補償電壓，使發電機端電壓不穩定的情形獲得改善。此外，本論文中將利用動態電壓調整器，以同相電壓補償與純虛功補償兩種方式來穩定發電機端電壓，並對這兩種補償方式作比較，最後說明以同相電壓補償的方式將可減少動態電壓調整器所需投入之補償電壓，使得補償器所需要的裝置容量較小。

關鍵字

風力發電 ； 感應發電機 ； 動態電壓調整器 ； 模糊邏輯控制器 ； 同相電壓補償

並列摘要

As the issue of energy crisis and climate change receives increasing attention, intensive efforts have been devoted to the research of renewable energy. Wind power generation is a popular research subject because of the advantages such as low cost, zero pollution, and inexhaustible supply of wind energy. Among the types of wind generator sets, squirrel-cage induction generators have been widely used due to its low cost, simple structure, and easy control strategy.
However, the reactive power of squirrel-cage induction generators cannot be controlled due to the lack of rotor excitation. Besides, the power generated by squirrel -cage induction generators is highly dependent on the generator terminal voltage. Therefore, when the power system is subjected to load changes or faults, the terminal voltage of squirrel-cage generators will drop, leading to the stall of generators. Moreover, the ever-changing wind speed results in fluctuating generator terminal voltage and the resultant unpredictable real power output.
In this thesis, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on the fuzzy logic controller is designed to regulate the terminal voltage of a grid-tied squirrel -cage induction generator. From experimental results, it is verified that the proposed DVR can effectively regulate the generator terminal voltage when load or wind speed changes. Two compensating methods, in-phase voltage compensation and purely reactive power compensation, are realized in this thesis. The experimental results indicate that, tocompensate for the same voltage drop, the injected voltage by DVR is smaller if in-phase voltage compensation method is employed, which reducing the installed capacity of DVR.

並列關鍵字

wind power generation ； induction generator ； dynamic voltage restorer ； fuzzy logic controller ； in-phase voltage compensation

參考文獻

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