- 學位論文
無鉛壓電陶瓷與壓電複材平板動態特性及應用電極設計於鋁板激振之實驗量測與分析
Experimental Measurement and Theoretical Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics for Lead-free Piezoceramic and Piezoelectric Fiber Composite Plates and the Application of Electrode Design for Aluminum plate excitation
摘要
本文對無鉛鈦酸鋇壓電陶瓷材料的三維動態特性進行完整的研究與分析，包括壓電陶瓷矩形平板，壓電陶瓷圓盤，壓電陶瓷圓環以及壓電纖維複材薄板。文中利用實驗量測、數值計算、與理論解析的方法對壓電材料的三維動態特性進行研究，證明鈦酸鋇材料是不錯的壓電陶瓷材料。對於壓電材料於高頻面內振動時的全域溫度分佈，亦進行不同幾何形狀平板的實驗量測與數值計算的研究；並以壓電纖維複材為致動器，應用壓電陶瓷平板的電極設計概念，致動鋁板對鋁板進行三維動態特性的研究分析，深入的瞭解各種模態的振動特性與其最佳效率的致動方式。 本文使用多種方法進行壓電材料的實驗量測與分析，首先是面外振動的部份，雷射都卜勒振動儀應用動態系統對壓電材料單點的面外振動進行穩態掃頻量測，可獲得壓電材料的面外共振頻率；接著使用全域式的電子斑點干涉術可針對壓電材料的面外的模態振形與共振頻率進行量測，全域式的電子斑點干涉術也可以進行面內的模態振形與共振頻率的量測，並記錄激振電壓可作為三維振動效率的參考依據；阻抗分析儀則以壓電材料的電性量測並可對應面內振動的共振頻率，同時亦可獲得反共振頻率的量測，再經由計算得到機電耦合係數，作為壓電材料於各模態的動態效率指標，並可以與電子斑點干涉術的面內激振電壓對應；紅外線熱像儀可即時且全域的量測壓電材料的溫度分佈。理論解析則解析了壓電圓盤的軸向和徑向的振動特性，獲得壓電圓盤的三維共振頻率。所有實驗量測與理論解析結果皆與有限元素數值計算進行比較，不只在共振頻率與振動模態可互相對應，正規化位移量與實驗量測皆與壓電材料於各方向振動電壓強度相符，鋁板振動的效率在穩態掃頻量測、全域式的電子斑點干涉術量測和阻抗分析有很好的對應，研究成果呈現各種壓電材料的三維動態特性於實驗量測、數值計算、與理論解析皆達到相當優異的一致性，本文成果在學術研究領域或工業界的實際應用，提供了壓電材料完整的振動資訊與有效的電極設計方法。
並列摘要
The three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of barium titanium piezoceramic material of lead-free is studied and analysis in this article, including piezoceramic rectangular plate, piezoceramic disc, piezoceramic ring and piezoelectric fiber composite plate. The study of three-dimensional dynamic characteristic of piezoceramic material is obtained by experiment measurements, finite element method (FEM) and theoretical analysis. The barium titanium is one kind of piezoceramic material with good electromechanical coupling efficiency. The temperature distribution of piezoelectric material in high frequency in-plane vibration is studied by experiment measuring and numerical calculating for different geometry plates. In order to deeply realize vibrating characteristics and best exciting efficiency of aluminum plate, we take the piezoelectric fiber composite material as the actuator and the aluminum plate is excited by electrode design of piezoelectric fiber composite plate. Several experimental techniques are used to measure the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric materials in this study. First part is out-of-plane vibration, the point-wisely measurement system, laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), can obtain out-of-plane resonant frequencies by dynamic signal swept-sine analysis the piezoceramic plate. Second, the full-filed optical technique, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI), can measure simultaneously the resonant frequencies and mode shapes for out-of-plane vibration. The resonant frequencies and mode shapes of in-plane vibration are also measured by AF-ESPI. The excited voltages for mode shapes refer to the efficiency of three-dimensional vibration. Third, the correspondent in-plane resonant frequencies and anti-resonant frequencies are obtained by impedance analysis, and the electromechanical coupling coefficients can be calculated from impedance spectrum to perform the efficiency of resonance modes. Forth, infrared thermography is also full-field optical technique to measure the distribution of temperature filed. In theoretical analysis, the resonant frequencies, transverse and extensional vibration displacements of piezoelectric ceramic disc are derived and three-dimensional resonant frequencies are obtained. All the results of the experimental measurements and theoretical solutions are compared with the FEM results. Not only resonant frequency and mode shape have good agreement, the normalize displacement and experiment measurement correspond to the exicting voltage. The vibration efficiency of aluminum plate has good results in dynamic signal swept-sine analysis, AF-ESPI and impedance analysis. It is excellent consistence between resonant frequencies, mode shapes and normalized displacements on the dominant vibration motion by experimental measurements, finite element numerical calculations, and theoretical analysis.