- 學位論文
都市農耕對社會永續之貢獻——以臺北四個都市農園為例
The contribution of urban farming to social sustainability: a case study of four urban gardens in Taipei
摘要
在臺北市，都市農耕已興起十餘年。在這樣地狹人稠、菜價低廉的都會地區，都市農園對於社會有何貢獻？為回答這一問題，本研究對四個臺北都市農園進行個案研究，它們分別屬於不同的類型：社區型的復建里幸福農場，療癒型的象山農場，長者志工型的大安銀髮開心農園，以及企業型的博仲法律事務所屋頂農園。基於社會永續的理論框架，本研究勾勒出它們在社會正義、社會資本、主觀福祉三個維度上的貢獻，討論其促進機制，並對比不同類型農園的差異。研究發現：1、都市農園的建置有助於促進分配正義與參與正義：農園靈活的選址與精心設計的設施，能為受限於空間分佈（如綠地匱乏的社區）或身體狀況（如高齡長者、身心障礙者）的族群提供耕種機會與遊憩機會；此外建置在公共土地的農園，亦推動市民參與公共空間的決策與管理；2、不同類型的都市農園可培育不同類型的社會資本：基於既有社群的農園側重於強化牽絆式社會資本，增強群體凝聚力；納入多元族群的農園則能創造橫跨式社會資本，有利於邊緣族群的社會融入。農園在增強人際紐帶與社群凝聚中扮演多重角色：作物蔬菜成為具有互惠意義的日常禮物，綠地提供相遇契機和聚會空間，農耕活動創造相似身份與共同話題，而農園整體則成為任務承諾的物理依托及群體自豪的象徵符號；3、都市農園透過滿足身心健康、社會交往、興趣休閒或效能自尊等需求，提昇參與者的主觀福祉。其中興趣休閒關於更深層的文化認同——在城鄉快速變動中，部分市民的成長經歷中留下嚮往耕種而不得的遺憾，這種農耕文化與都市現實空間的落差最終由都市農園所彌補。而在滿足參與者各項需求的過程中，農耕工作或作為一種社區服務/志願服務，或協助塑造全人式的職場環境，撬動了現代將工作化約為經濟收入的僵化定義，從而使工作重新與社會福祉相連結；4、在都市農園中出現三種社會永續與環境永續的協同效應模式，分別為意圖式協同、非意圖式協同與反饋式協同。
並列摘要
Urban farming has been emerging in Taipei City for around ten years. In such a metropolitan area with high population density and low vegetable prices, what is the contribution of urban gardens to the society? To answer this question, I conducted a case study on four urban gardens of different types in Taipei: Fujian Community Farm, a community-based garden, Elephant Mountain Farm, a therapeutic garden, Daan Senior Garden, a senior volunteer garden, and Winkler Partners Rooftop Garden, an enterprise-based garden. With a theoretical framework of social sustainability, this study outlined the contributions of the four gardens to social justice, social capital, and subjective well-being. The study found that: 1. The construction of urban gardens could contribute to both distributive justice and participatory justice. With a more flexible site selection and carefully designed facilities, the gardens provided farming and recreational opportunities to the spatially or physically disadvantaged groups (e.g., communities without green spaces, senior citizens, and people with physical or mental disabilities); and they also promoted citizen participation on public space decision and management. 2. Different urban gardens would contribute to different types of social capitals: gardens based on established communities tended to increase bonding social capital and strengthen group cohesion, while gardens engaging multiple groups/populations enhanced bridging social capital and thus facilitated the social inclusion of marginalized groups. Urban gardens played multiple roles in strengthening interpersonal ties and community cohesion: crops and vegetables became daily gifts with reciprocal meaning, green spaces provided opportunities for encountering and gathering, farming activities created similar identities and common topics, and the garden as a whole provided a physical basis for task commitment and a symbol of group pride. 3. The urban gardens could enhance the subjective well-being of participants by meeting their needs of physical and mental health, social interaction, hobbies and leisure, and self-esteem. Among them, hobbies and leisure were related to a deeper cultural identity. Growing up in a society rich in agricultural culture, some Taiwan citizens generated a deep interest in farming. During the urbanization, however, they found no opportunities to realize their dreams. This gap between agricultural culture and urbanization reality was compensated by these urban gardens. These well-beings were created by farming work as community service/ voluntary work, or a more holistic workplace environment. These practices rethought and challenged the modern definition of work as income source, thus reconnecting work with social well-being. 4. In the urban gardens, four types of synergistic effects between environmental sustainability and social sustainability could be observed: intended synergy, unintended synergy, and in-return synergy.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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