打破沉默的情感：透過一人一故事劇場敘說慢性疾病經驗

在當代劇場發展的歷史軌跡中，劇場逐漸走出劇院高牆，更全面地進入人們的社會生活之中。「應用劇場」是由這樣的潮流所催生的劇場型態，強調人人皆可參與，並看重過程更勝於結果。「一人一故事劇場」是應用劇場的一種形式，是一種以觀眾的生命經驗為本的即興演出。本文採用文獻研究法和深度訪談法，試圖探究透過一人一故事劇場敘說慢性疾病經驗的可能與限制，並有了以下發現。首先，慢性疾病經驗是複雜的社會心理歷程，因此是難以敘說的。但在此同時，卻也仍然有一些途徑可以通往敘說慢性疾病經驗。再者，一人一故事劇場就是可能敘說慢性疾病經驗的其中一種途徑。一人一故事劇場中存在著對「藝術性」、「社會性」和「儀式性」的要求，在朝向這「一人一故事劇場三元素」的努力當中，一人一故事劇場的演出團隊將可能逐漸提昇使用語言的能力、學會善用隱喻並藉由「深化書寫」中的五個概念工具──「脈絡」、「層次」、「版本」、「他者」和「視框」，進而有機會達致敘說慢性疾病經驗。最後，Rancière所提出的美學體制，也為理想的一人一故事劇場提供了指引。理想的一人一故事劇場將可能促進話語權的重新分配、拓寬參與者的角色目錄以及增進參與者對事物的新認識，進而可能達致社會影響力。期待後進的研究者能針對一人一故事劇場中的不同角色──演出團隊、說故事人和觀眾──以及不同的實踐形式──工作坊或演出──做出更多探究。

關鍵字

一人一故事劇場；疾病；情感；劇場敘事；社會實踐

並列摘要

As contemporary theatre developed, it gradually moved beyond the walls of physical theatre-spaces to enter into people’s social lives. “Applied Theatre” was born out of this development, emphasizing the participation of all and of process over results. “Playback Theatre” is one form of Applied Theatre in which improvisational performances are based on real-life experiences of the audience. This thesis uses the methods of literature study and in-depth interviews to explore the possibilities and limitations of using Playback Theatre to narrate chronic illness. The results are as follows. We find that experiences of chronic illness are complex socio-psychological processes, and as such, they are difficult to narrate. Yet there are still possible avenues to narrating them, Playback Theatre being one. Playback Theatre includes the demands of “aesthetics,” “sociality,” and “ritualistics.” In striving towards these three elements, Playback companies can create opportunities to narrate experiences of chronic illness by: improving their use of language, mastering the use of metaphors, and using the five conceptual tools of “deep writing,” i.e., “context,” “levels,” “versions,” “others,” and “viewports.” Lastly, the aesthetic regime of art proposed by Rancière can guide us in the pursuit of the ideal Playback Theatre, in which social influence is achieved through the redistribution of the right to speak, the expansion of the participants’ role catalogues, and the increased understanding of participants concerning new things. Looking to the future, further research can be done on the different roles within Playback Theatre (Playback companies, audiences, and tellers) as well as the various forms of practicing Playback Theatre (workshops and performances).