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  • 學位論文

新自由主義全球化與三星集團的「再」崛起

Neoliberal Globalization and Samsung's New Rise

指導教授 : 張佑宗

摘要


韓國自九七亞洲金融危機後所採取的新自由主義改革路線是否給予了韓國財閥和經濟再崛起的機會?抑是延續了過去發展型國家理論中,政府扮演強而有力的主導者和裙帶資本主義(crony capitalism)使然?再來,在所有財閥企業中,三星集團又何以在層出不窮的國內外企業群中成為全球的一流企業?關鍵在於新自由主義全球化環境之故。本論文的主要論點認為:韓國經濟與財閥能夠在九七金融危機後再度崛起,其主要原因在於政府與財閥企業均意識到了新自由主義全球化下所造成之高度競爭(hypercompetition)的國際環境。 新自由主義經濟政策在韓國實踐過程中,因韓國過去政商之間的特殊利益關係,以及自危機爆發後外資成為韓國國內新的行為者後,形成「政府—財閥—外資」三角鼎立的局面。不過,吾人也可發現韓國雖在國家發展途徑上已從發展型國家過渡到新自由主義路線,但今日盛行於韓國社會的新自由主義乃是積極追求經濟成長和國家發展之「發展型新自由主義」(developmental neoliberalism)。 然而,在所有財閥企業再起的過程中,三星集團獨霸的現象究竟如何產生?本論文認為三星集團的成功可歸納為以下兩點:一是透過集團本身的人際網絡(human network),包括遊說(lobbyist)、規避法律風險(legal risk)以及負責散播三星利益和價值的傳遞者。透過其政治、經濟和法律等社會資源來擴大並鞏固集團利益。二是新自由主義全球化理論或制度本身所強調之「強者更強、弱者更弱」的競爭法則使然。質言之,賦予了三星集團使得從強權企業中慢慢形成霸權企業的契機。

並列摘要


Did the neoliberal reform path adopted by South Korea after the 1997 financial crisis create the conditions for the resurgence of the country’s economy and its chaebols? Or does this represent a continuation of state lead development and associated crony capitalism? In addition, how has the Samsung Group emerged through the domestic and international competition to become a world-class enterprise? The key to understanding these questions lies in the globalized neoliberal environment. This study makes the following key arguments. First, the South Korean economy and its chaebols enjoyed a resurgence after the 1997 financial crisis primarily because the government and chaebols were aware of the new hypercompetitive global environment produced by neoliberal globalization. In the process of implementing neoliberal economic policies in South Korea, the existing special interest relations between business and government together with foreign capital that flowed in following the crisis became new domestic actors within South Korea, producing a triangular relationship between government, chaebols, and foreign capital. However, although South Korea has already transitioned from a developmental state to a neoliberal development path, this study also finds that neoliberalism in South Korea has been combined with an active pursuit of economic growth and national development, creating a developmental neoliberalism. In the course of the resurgence of the chaebols, how did the dominance of the Samsung Group come about? This study argues that the success of the Samsung Group can be attributed to the following two factors. The first is the group’s human network, including use of lobbyists, human networks to avoid legal risk, and transmitters of Samsung’s interests and values, using the group’s political, economic, and legal resources to expand and consolidate its interests. Second, Samsung has benefited from the law of competition under neoliberal globalization where the “strong get stronger, the weak get weaker.” In other words, the Samsung Group has been able to evolve from a powerful enterprise to a dominant enterprise.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


王馨(2016)。韓國「發展型新自由主義」模式:以韓美FTA為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201600302

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