國人對於土地資源永續發展態度之探索性研究－以喪葬行為意向為例

臺灣地狹人稠，土地資源有限，而因「入土為安」的喪葬觀念更造成土地資源不敷使用。傳統喪葬文化傳遞固然是重要課題，但因應時代背景調整做法及觀念，使喪葬設施用地的循環利用，化限量資源為流量資源是推動喪葬政策中很重要核心理念。基於永續發展的觀點，臺灣的喪葬形式或需走向新的思維。經由觀念的轉化，塑造簡潔環保的葬儀文化，給予下一代更優質清新的生活空間。本研究欲探討我國喪葬政策的轉變，是否有改變對於喪葬行為意向從傳統宗教信仰態度轉為建立在國土永續發展的態度上。如果國人普遍已有國土永續發展的認知及態度，則日後政府在喪葬政策推動上，永續發展的核心價值或許能藉由政策行銷理念而做實務的應用。為了解國人在喪葬行為中對於永續發展觀點，有哪些態度類型，並探討喪葬政策變遷與原本傳統喪葬習俗之間的轉變。本研究運用Q方法進行國人對於喪葬行為永續發展態度的探索性研究。Q方法結合質化與量化研究方式，可以質化地蒐集資料，又可量化地分析資料。藉由Q方法的研究途徑，以受訪者之Q排列及訪談資料進行因子分析，獲得「體認實踐型」、「傳統被動型」、「行為推力型」、「折衷主義型」等4種態度類型，並詮釋、說明在喪葬行為意向上，不同的態度類型對於土地資源的永續發展有何異同。從研究結果發現，除態度類型二(傳統被動型)的受訪者外，其餘態度類型受訪者，隨著時代變遷，政府在喪葬政策的轉變，已改變國人的喪葬行為意向，進而改變國人對於喪葬習俗的觀念從傳統宗教信仰態度轉為建立在國土永續發展的態度上。

關鍵字

態度；永續發展；喪葬行為意向；殯葬； Q方法

並列摘要

Given the small land area and high population density in Taiwan and the limited land resources, the burial concept of “to be laid in earth to rest” has resulted in the ever-growing land shortage. As much as it is important to preserve the traditional burial culture, it is even more critical to adjust concepts and implementation with time. Therefore, the cyclical utilization of burial grounds in converting volume-critical resources to flexible resources is the very core concept of the new generation of burial policy. From a sustainable development point of view, the burial rituals in Taiwan perhaps need to turn to new thinking. Through concepts evolution in shaping a simplified and green burial culture, the next generation can be given a better quality living environment. This study aims at examining the shift in Taiwan’s burial policy as well as its influence in changing people’s perception of the burial culture from a traditional religious consideration to a sustainable land development mindset, and should the shift in consideration have already been cultivated within the Taiwanese people, the implementation of the governmental burial policy may genuinely be able to transcend from a marketing effort to the actual application. In order to understand the types of mindset held by Taiwanese people towards sustainable development in terms of burial behaviors, as well as examining the shift in the changes of burial policy in relation to the traditional burial customs. In terms of research methodology, this study utilizes Q Method to carry out exploratory research on Taiwanese burial behavioral intention in relation to attitude towards sustainable development. The Q Method integrates qualitative and quantitative research methods in collecting data qualitatively and analyzing data quantitatively. Through the research path of Q Method, factor analysis was carried out on the Q array and interview information of the interviewees to derive four attitude types such as “Recognition and Realization Type“, “Traditional Passive Type”, “Behavioral Nudge Type”, and “Eclecticism Type” while interpreting and summarizing the differentiation of impact on the sustainable development of land resources with different attitude types in terms of burial behavioral intentions. From the study result, it was found that, apart from the interviewees of attitude No. 2 (Traditional Passive Type), other attitude types have altered the Taiwanese burial behavioral intention in the context of the governmental burial policy shift, which in turn has changed Taiwanese burial concept from that driven by traditional religious belief to that powered by the attitude in aid of the sustainable development.