ETC 區段收費改為里程收費之最適前端系統佈置機制研究

近年來，高速公路擬以電子收費方式取代傳統人工收費。實行電子付費系統可達到增加收費站容量、縮短繳費時間、提高用路人便利及安全性、降低空氣污染等目標。並且，大幅降低傳統人工收費系統之維運、管理成本。此外，透過電子收費系統運作下之及時資訊擷取，可達到電子收費與交通管理之整合性目標。高速公路以BOT方式由民間參與建置ETC一案，於93年2月由遠東聯盟取得標案計畫，進行測試後於同年4月簽約。遠東聯盟預定先期採用短距離通訊系統技術而後轉換為車輛自主定位系統技術。本研究擬以結合行動電話通訊定位技術之電子收費系統技術－eMPS系統取代車輛自主定位系統技術為建置台灣國道高速公路的電子收費系統。並且本研究規劃人工區段收費轉換為電子里程收費之過渡計畫。依此計畫，期以人工收費轉為區段收費時，減少駕駛者之不適應與困擾，並以漸進之方式由區段收費轉為里程收費時，逐漸增加收費之公平性。本研究並探討系統業者在過渡計畫下之每個階段，應如何佈設最適化之前端執法系統與訂定罰鍰金額，以期達到系統業者於執法系統與罰鍰收入部分取得最大之增額收入。

關鍵字

ETC ；過渡計畫； eMPS ；前端執法系統最適化

並列摘要

The government has planned for freeway ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) system to replace the system of traditional manual operation for years, which can achieve objectives of nonstop toll collection, increasing freeway capacity, enhancing convenience and safety, reducing air pollution, etc. Meanwhile, the cost of traditional management, maintenance and operation will be lowered significantly. In addition, ETC-based real-time data acquisitions can lead to an integrated ETTM (Electronic Toll & Traffic Management) system. Private Sectors participate in the establishing project of freeway ETC through BOT, and the Far Eastern Group earned the bit in February 2004. The Far Eastern Group plans a system of DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) techniques at the initial stage, and transformed into VPS (Vehicle Positioning System). And this study proposes a system of positioning techniques with mobile phone communication, eMPS, to substitute for system of VPS as freeway ETC system in Taiwan. According to this system, the study schemes a transition program from traditional manual operation to distance-based ETC system. The program emphasizes to avoid disturbance for drivers, and transform zonal rate system into distance-based rate system gradually to promote equity. For each stage of the transition program, this study suggests the optimization of front-end reinforcement system deployment and penalty for the system operator to earn the most profit.