營業秘密法中刑罰法規之商榷

營業秘密為企業之命脈，甚至涉及國家安全，一旦營業秘密遭洩漏將造成無法彌補之損害。各國為加強營業秘密之保護，紛紛制定或修訂營業秘密相關法規範，將刑罰納入保護營業秘密之手段之一，我國亦不例外，於2018年修正營業秘密法增訂刑事罰則。美國為全球經濟及科技技術領先之國家，已成為其他國家或企業獲取技術之重要來源，惟未透過合法管道取得，以經濟間諜採取竊取、盜用、詐欺、詐術等不正方法管道取得之案件層出不窮，因此，美國可稱為保護營業秘密最為急切及立法完善之國家，足為我國借鏡。本文以營業秘密法之刑事規範為主軸，比較研究我國、國際組織以及美國之相關規定，輔以歸納我國法院實務判決，提出相關刑罰修法建議。

關鍵字

營業秘密；侵害營業秘密；經濟間諜；經濟間諜法；營業秘密法刑罰

並列摘要

Trade secrets are the lifeblood of an enterprise and even involve national security. Once a trade secret is leaked, it will cause irreparable damage. In order to strengthen the protection of trade secrets, various countries have formulated or revised the relevant laws and regulations of trade secrets, and included penalties as one of the means to protect trade secrets. Without exception, Taiwan’s Trade Secrets Act was amended and added penal regulations in 2018. The United States is a leading country in the global economy and technology. It has become an important source for other countries or companies to obtain technology. However, it has not been obtained through legal channels. There are endless illegal cases such as stealing, embezzlement and fraud through economic espionage. Therefore, the United States can be regarded as the country with the most eagerness to protect trade secrets and complete legislation, which is a good example for Taiwan. This article takes the criminal norms of Taiwan’s Trade Secrets Act as the main axis. Comparative study of the relevant regulations of Taiwan, international organizations and the United States, supplemented by summarizing the practical judgments of Taiwan courts, and then proposing criminal punishment amendments to Taiwan’s Trade Secrets Act.