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  • 學位論文

幾乎隨機優越之研究

Two Essays on Almost Stochastic Dominance

指導教授 : 曾郁仁
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摘要


本博士論文主要分成兩個章節,分別討論風險趨避的投資者與非厭足(non-satiation) 的投資者在不同的決策標準下,應如何調整投資組合的權重,以達到最大化投資者期望效用之投資組合。 Shalit 和Yitzhaki 在1994 年發展出邊際條件隨機優越(MCSD)之理論,認為在一個給定資產權重的投資組合中,當所有風險趨避的投資者寧願增加此風險資產的權重,相對於其他風險資產,則稱此風險資產為邊際條件隨機優越的資產。在本文中,我們擴展這個概念,引用幾乎隨機優越的規則取代隨機優越來評估一項資產的優越性。使得一個資產只需要滿足大部分風險趨避的投資者的偏好,而非所有風險趨避的投資者。採用幾乎邊際條件隨機優越(AMCSD),除了在理論上更貼近真實世界,相較於過去邊際條件隨機優越(MCSD)無法判斷優劣的投資組合,幾乎邊際條件隨機優越(AMCSD)提供能進一步提升的效用的投資決策。本篇最後透過實證資料顯示,使用幾乎邊際條件隨機優越(AMCSD) 確實可以提高投資效率。 在第二篇研究中,我們將一階幾乎隨機優越(AFSD) 的理論應用於資產配置。一階隨機優越的規則下,認定一個資產隨機優越的條件,必須滿足所有非厭足(non-satiation) 投資者的偏好。Leshno和Levy(2002) 提出的一階幾乎隨機優越,則認為即使一個風險資產有些微的違反一階隨機優越的規則,大部分非厭足投資者的偏好依然能夠判斷這個風險資產的優越性。本篇文章,引用過去Kuosmanen(2004)與Kopa 和Post (2009)在一階隨機優越的研究,推廣到一階幾乎隨機優越的規則。建立檢定方法,透過線性規劃的計算,判定一個初始的資產配置是否已經是最優越的投資組合,以及對大部份的非厭足投資者來說,是否是最佳的資產配置。最後,我們透過數值範例,說明我們的檢定成功的排除沒有效率與非最佳的投資組合。

並列摘要


The dissertation contains two articles to discuss how Almost Stochastic Dominance (ASD) criteria improve on risk-averse investors and non-satiation investors making decisions. Marginal Conditional Stochastic Dominance (MCSD) developed by Shalit and Yitzhaki (1994) gives the conditions under which all risk-averse individuals prefer to increase the share of one risky asset over another in a given portfolio. In this paper, we extend this concept to provide conditions under which most (and not all) risk-averse investors behave in this way. Switching from MCSD to Almost MCSD (AMCSD) helps to reconcile common practices in asset allocation and the decision rules supporting stochastic dominance relations. A financial application is further provided to demonstrate that using AMCSD can indeed improve investment efficiency. Almost first-degree stochastic dominance (AFSD) rule developed by Leshno and Levy (2002) asserts that most decision makers may prefer one uncertain prospect over another even with some violations of first-degree stochastic dominance rules. In this paper, we propose an efficiency test based on AFSD. Following Kuosmanen (2004) and Kopa and Post (2009), we respectively propose tests for portfolio admissibility and portfolio optimality under AFSD. We then show how to use linear programming to implement tests under AFSD rule and demonstrate their applications in stock markets.

參考文獻


- Bali, T.G., K.O. Demirtas, H. Levy, A. Wolf (2009). Bonds versus stocks: Investors' age and risk taking. Journal of Monetary Economics 56, 817-830.
- Bali, T.G., S.J. Brown, K.O. Demirtas (2013). Do Hedge Funds Outperform Stocks and Bonds? Management Science, in press.
- Chow, K.V. (2001). Marginal conditional stochastic dominance, statistical inference and measuring portfolio performance. Journal of Financial Research 24, 289--307.
- Clark, E.A., K. Kassimatis (2012a). International equity flows, marginal conditional stochastic dominance and diversification. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting
- Clark, E.A., K. Kassimatis (2012b). An empirical analysis of marginal conditional stochastic dominance. Journal of Banking and Finance 36, 1144-1151.

被引用紀錄


蘇硯農(2017)。特別股有幾乎比普通股好嗎?〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201704332

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