以人類尿液代謝體及生化指標變化探討蔬菜特徵之攝食研究

Vegetable signatures derived from human urinary metabolomic data and change of biomarkers in a controlled feeding study

陳鳳玲(Fong-Ling Chen)

指導教授 ： 潘文涵

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/生化科技學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00958

摘要

研究背景與目的：過去已有許多研究指出，攝取植物性食物，例如蔬菜、水果、全穀類以及黃豆製品，能降低慢性疾病的發生率。然而其對人體整體代謝型態的影響機制尚不明確，需要更多研究來瞭解。代謝體學主要研究的標的物為生物體內的所有或是特定小分子代謝物，藉由探討這些代謝物的變化，能夠幫助我們更加了解人體代謝受到影響時的變化情形。本研究挑選了文獻中指出具有生理活性的五種蔬菜，設計一個適合的短期攝食研究，觀察生化指標變化，並利用代謝體學的方式來找出個別蔬菜組中具有獨特性的代謝物變化型態。
實驗方法：本研究招募10位受試者，於臨床試驗中心進行一個短期攝食研究。試驗觀察期為1天，評估空腹、午餐前以及午餐後固定時間，其血壓、生化值以及代謝體的改變。每次試驗之間至少有5天的沖淡期，以確保試驗不同時間點之間不會互相影響。實驗組每次提供一種蔬菜200g，再加上一組對照組，共進行六次試驗。挑選蔬菜分別為菠菜、芹菜、山苦瓜、甜菜根以及洋蔥。
結果：比較各試驗蔬菜組與對照組，發現在血壓、血糖以及血脂的變化，分別於餐後不同的時間，達到統計顯著差異。主成分分析結果顯示，空腹時所有的代謝型態皆為較相近，而午餐前與部分蔬菜組的午餐後2小時內為另一個群集，其餘的餐後時間點則隨著時間的推進，逐漸向空腹點靠近。整體而言，看到尿液的代謝體隨著代謝反應出現一個時間循環。同時利用變異數分析與多重比較，可在個別蔬菜組中挑選到具有獨特性的代謝物。
結論：以目前所建立的方法流程，我們確實能夠挑選出在各種蔬菜當中具有獨特性的物質，當作這些蔬菜的攝取指標，但仍需要更多分析將這些物質加以分類以進行鑑定，進一步找到與生理活性相關的代謝途徑。

關鍵字

代謝體學 ； 尿液 ； 蔬菜 ； 植化素

並列摘要

Background and objective: Many studies have been pointed out that the intake of plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains and soy products can reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. However, the mechanism of its effect on human metabolic pattern is still not clear, and need more research to understand. Metabolomics is a systematic study which focuses on all or specific small molecule metabolites in a biological system, by exploring these metabolite changes can help us to understand the variations in human metabolism when the system is affected. This study selected five vegetables that have been reported with physiological activity and designed a suitable short-term feeding study to observe the changes in biomarkers. Moreover, we used metabolomic analysis to explore the specific metabolic changes in different vegetables.
Method: A feeding study of 10 subjects was admitted to a clinical research center. The observation period was 1 day, to assess the blood pressure, biochemical values and metabolite changes at fasting, before lunch, and the time-point after lunch. There’s a washout period with 5 days between each test, to ensure no interaction of each test. The study included 6 groups: 5 experimental groups that provided 200 g vegetable at each time, and a control group without vegetable. The test vegetables were spinach, celery, wild bitter gourd, beetroot and onion.
Results: Comparing experimental groups with control group, we founded a significant difference in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid changes. All fasting metabolic patterns were similar, and the pattern at before lunch and 2 hours after lunch can be clustered, the rest of the postprandial time points as time go on and gradually near to the fasting point. Overall, we can see the change in metabolite is time cycle in urine with PCA analysis results. Also, using ANOVA analysis and multiple comparisons, we can select specific metabolites in each vegetable treatment.
Conclusions: In this established process, we indeed can pick out the specific metabolite as an intake marker of these vegetables. But these substances still need to be classified for identification and to find the physiological activity related metabolic pathways.

並列關鍵字

metabolomics ； urine ； vegetable ； phytochemicals

參考文獻

1. Liu RH: Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003, 78(3):517s-520s.

2. Johnson IT: Phytochemicals and cancer. Proc Nutr Soc 2007, 66(2):207-215.

3. Arts IC, Hollman PC: Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81(1 Suppl):317S-325S.

4. Dettmer K, Aronov PA, Hammock BD: Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007, 26(1):51-78.

5. Fiehn O: Metabolomics - the link between genotypes and phenotypes. Plant Molecular Biology 2002, 48(1-2):155-171.