提高台灣水能資源效率的產業分析

Industrial Analysis of Improving the Resources Efficiency of Water and Energy in Taiwan

楊松(Song Yang)

指導教授 ： 馬鴻文

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201903015

摘要

工業革命後，隨著社會經濟的不斷發展，資源消耗以及環境污染加劇。人類的資源需求不足成為了一個不小的問題，也意識到不能這樣無休止的濫用自然資源。由此成為了永續發展提出的萌芽（sustainable development）。而在自然資源有限的狀況下，如何兼顧目前的經濟發展與未來的資源使用成為了關鍵的問題。而永續生產與消費以及永續物質管理皆是期待減少自然資源的使用且並不影響經濟的成長，這也正是脫鉤的概念。（Grossman，1994）就提出了脫鉤的概念，可透過新技術的創新而減少物質使用同時不影響經濟的成長。若想減少資源的耗用，有很多的方法例如加強思想教育、改變消費模式等，但是這都無法達到經濟成長與資源使用相脫鉤的目標。
資源效率已經被認為是達成永續挑戰的關鍵因素，提高資源效率是使經濟成長和資源使用相脫鉤。而提高資源效率正是可以被期待使經濟成長與資源使用脫鉤的好方法，同時也可以減少資源使用並增加產值，資源效率的行為過程包含減少資源使用和鼓勵技術創新。技術創新則可以達成提高資源效率的目的。對何種產業的技術創新也尤為的重要，例如若想提高水的資源效率，不一定會從水的技術上提升，可能從其他的技術上著手會有更好的效果，這就是所謂的隱藏流向，而要了解隱藏流向，則需要用IO和馬可夫鏈相結合的方法。為了解決資源效率和產業技術創新的影響，通過產業系統的中間產品以及最終產品來詳細描述具體的資源路徑。
本研究以水能為例，將某些技術創新後，來看水和能的使用量變化。因為本研究將最終需求（GDP）固定，所以討論資源效率的變化只需水能資源的使用量變化即可。
本研究使用2011年國產品交易表，針對電力產業管理、水資源產業管理、水能交織三部分來討論，若想使電力效率提升，未必要從電力相關產業著手，可以從非電力相關產業著手，而相應地，若想使水的資源效率提升，也未必要從水的相關技術著手。改變水相關技術並不能加強省電效果，而改變電相關技術並不能加強省水效果，所以在本研究中水能之間不能相互帶動。著重發展使水能效率提高的技術，從而達到經濟成長與資源使用脫鉤的目的。

關鍵字

永續發展 ； 脫鉤 ； 資源效率 ； 投入產出分析 ； 吸收馬可夫鏈

並列摘要

After the industrial revolution, with the sustainable development of the social economy, resource consumption and environmental pollution have intensified. The lack of human resource has become a big problem, and it is realized that such endless abuse of natural resources cannot be achieved. This has become a sustainable development proposed by sustainable development. With limited natural resources, how to balance current economic development with future resource use has become a key issue. Sustainable consumption and production, as well as sustainable material management, are all expected to reduce the use of natural resources without affecting economic growth. This is also the concept of decoupling. (Grossman, 1994) proposed the concept of decoupling, which can reduce the use of substances through innovation of new technologies without affecting economic growth. If you want to reduce the consumption of resources, there are many ways to strengthen ideological education, change consumption patterns, etc., but this can not achieve the goal of decoupling economic growth from resource use.
Resource efficiency has been recognized as a key factor in achieving a sustainable challenge. Improving resource efficiency is decoupling economic growth from resource use. Improving resource efficiency is a good way to be expected to decouple economic growth from resource use. It can also reduce resource use and increase output value. Resource efficiency actions includes reducing the use of physical resources and encouraging innovations of production and the comsumption. Technological innovation can achieve the goal of improving resource efficiency. It is especially important for the technological innovation of any industry. For example, if you want to improve the resource efficiency of water, it will not necessarily improve the technology of water. It may have better effects from other technologies. This is called hiding. Flow direction, and to understand the hidden flow direction, you need to use the combination of IO and AMC. In order to solve the impact of resource efficiency and industrial technology innovation, the specific resource path is described in detail through the intermediate products of the industrial system and the final products.
This research takes water and energy as an example, and after some technological innovations, we can see changes in the use of water and energy. Because this research fixes the final demand (GDP), it is only necessary to discuss changes the in the use of water and energy.
This research discusses the three parts of energy industry management, water resources industry management, and water energy interweaving. If you want to improve the efficiency of electricity resources, it is not necessary to start from the energy-related industry. If you want to improve the efficiency of water resources, it is not necessary to start with water related technologies. Changing water-related technologies does not improve the energy-saving effect, and changing the electrical-related technology does not improve the water-saving effect.

並列關鍵字

Sustainable development ； decouple ； Resource efficiency ； Input-output analysis ； Absorbing Markov Chain

參考文獻

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