- 學位論文
2008 經濟危機、就業型態與育兒父母健康之關係
2008 Economic Crisis, Employment Conditions and Health Among Child-Rearing Workers
摘要
本研究以「健康不均」的觀點切入，探討景氣循環與健康的關係。回顧過去的文獻，景氣循環對健康的影響，會因探討的時期、國家、經濟危機的型態、以及研究對象而有所不同，因而學界提出的順循環與逆循環假說，迄今未有定論。晚近研究發現以職業階級、種族、與財富進行劃分，能觀察到景氣導致健康不均的變化，或是唯獨對於特定族群的健康有負面效果。因此，本研究探討2008-2009年「經濟危機」對家中有學齡前孩童之育兒父母「健康不均」的影響。本研究假設：一、非典型工作者相較於典型工作者健康較差。二、經濟危機發生時，育兒父母健康比經濟繁榮時期惡化。三、經濟衰退導致典型/非典型工作育兒父母之健康不均擴大。研究者藉由「臺灣出生世代研究先驅調查」的資料進行固定連續樣本的長期追蹤分析。該資料係將全國2003年出生之新生兒進行分層隨機抽樣，得到2048個家戶，並完成1783戶訪談。本研究採用第2波至第5波（2005-2010）調查資料，針對約1620對父母蒐集工作特質、自評健康、壓力感受，以及健康行為等變項。先以迴歸分析探討「工作型態」對於雙親在經濟衰退前健康之影響，再以廣義估計方程式檢驗「時期」對健康的影響，以及經濟衰退對健康差異的調節效果。本研究發現：一、非典型雇傭、工時彈性、薪酬不穩定的育兒父母較常從事不健康的行為。二、經濟危機發生時，育兒父母的整體健康並未比經濟繁榮時期惡化，飲酒和感受時間壓力之比例反而略微減少，只有經濟壓力增加。三、在景氣衰退時期，育兒母親之健康不均增加，反映於壓力感受與健康行為層面。
並列摘要
This study explored the association between business cycles and health from the perspective of health inequity. The effects of the business cycle on health varied upon different periods, countries, the nature of economic crises, and study subjects in previous literature, that arguments between the procyclical and countercyclical hypotheses have been inconclusive. Recent studies observed differential health effects of macroeconomy stratified by occupational class, ethnicity, and wealth, that the magnitude of health disparity changed along with business cycles. Therefore, the author investigated the influence of the 2008-2009 economic crisis on the health disparity among parents with a preschool child. There were three hypotheses: First, the atypical workers had worse health compared with typical workers. Second, the health of child-rearing parents deteriorated upon the economic crisis. Third, the economic recession led to wider health disparity between typical and atypical child-rearing workers. This nationwide panel study utilized longitudinal data from the Pilot Survey of Taiwan Birth Cohort Study in which 2048 newborns were selected by stratified random sampling in 2003, with 1783 households completed interview in 2004. The characteristics of work, self-rated health, perceived stress, and health behaviors were collected from approximately 1620 parents with the 2nd to 5th survey during 2005-2010. The author examined the influence of work type on pre-recession health by regression analysis, then used generalized estimating equations to estimate the time effect on health and the moderating effect of economic periods on health disparities. The author found that (1) Child-rearing parents with atypical employment, flexible workhour, or unstable wage had more unhealthy behaviors than their counterparts. (2) Generally, the pre-crisis health did not deteriorate during the economic crisis, but alcohol-drinking behavior and perceived time pressure were less prevalent while perceived financial stress increased. (3) The health disparity in perceived stress and health behaviors increased during the economic crisis among child-rearing mothers.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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