三維雷射掃瞄技術於隧道工程之應用

Application of 3D-Laser Scanning Technique in Tunnel Engineering

曹峻瑋(Chun-Wei Chao)

指導教授 ： 鄭富書

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00545

摘要

傳統隧道剖面監測方法，常需花費許多人力、財力、時間，且針對單一隧道剖面而言，僅能得到少數監測點之資訊。鑑於現今光學技術及電腦運算能力之進步，若能善用此一特性，發展一套易於操作、快速、經濟且適用於隧道工程之掃瞄新技術，透過長時間之定期監測工作，以獲得更完整之隧道剖面三維座標資訊，如此將有助於工程師了解整體隧道長時間之變形趨勢，並做為未來維修補強之參考及反算周圍岩體塑性區發展之依據。
循此，本研究主要目的係發展一套非接觸性量測之新技術，利用二維雷射影像，經程式處理後，建構出隧道剖面三維座標資訊。有別於傳統監測方法，本研究技術可有效的利用少數已知三維座標值之校正點，得知完整且詳盡之隧道剖面三維資訊。
研究過程中，除施作小型模擬隧道掃瞄試驗外，亦製作一尺寸接近真實隧道之大型模擬隧道施作掃瞄試驗。由小型模擬隧道試驗結果中發現，當隧道頂拱處產生整體變形時，利用本研究掃瞄技術，可有效觀察出不同時期之隧道變形趨勢；而於大型模擬隧道疊合點雷射試驗結果發現，利用本研究掃瞄技術分析出之隧道頂拱剖面，其RMSE值約可控制在4 mm內。
此外，由於本研究係利用影像處理之方式，建構出待測物體三維資訊，在研究過程中發現，主要影響分析結果之誤差來源，多來自於影像部份，未來若欲提升此掃瞄技術之準確度，應於影像處理部份多做考量。

關鍵字

三維 ； 雷射 ； 掃瞄 ； 隧道 ； 影像

並列摘要

Traditional tunnel’s profile monitoring usually costs a lot of manpower, finance and time, and it utilizes only few, selected and fixed observation points in a single tunnel’s profile to get the desired information. In the advancement of optics’ technique and of the performance of computer recently, the development of a new monitoring technique, which is easy to operate, rapid and inexpensive, for tunnel engineering might be helpful for us to equally understand the deformation tendency in a tunnel. From this, derived results can serve as a reference for future repairing of the support system, or the parameters of back analyzing about the development of plastic zone considering long-term and/or regular monitoring works, and for developing a more complete three-dimensional (3-D) information about tunnel’s profile.
This study was conducted to develop a new non-contact measurement technique which can be applied to tunnel engineering using a two-dimensional laser image and a program to construct the 3-D information in a certain profile. Different from traditional monitoring, this technique can provide a more complete 3-D profile information by first establishing several points whose 3-D information were already known for calibration.
In addition to a small simulative tunnel, a bigger one was constructed in the laboratory to simulate the full-scale tunnel in this study. Based from the results in small tunnel, it was observed that the measurement of deformation behavior from the two successive analyses performed is effective. Also, profiling results from this technique and a total-station-based method were compared and showed that RMSE value can be controlled in about 4 mm in this new technique.
Moreover, this research uses image processing to construct a 3-D tunnel’s profile information, thus, the influence are mostly from images. Therefore, improvement in the image processing method is advised to achieve a more precise result.

並列關鍵字

3D ； Laser ； Scan ； Tunnel ； Image

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