生物可分解含聚乳酸奈米複合材料之開發應用於工程塑膠

The Development of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Materials Utilized in Engineering Plastic

周泓佳(Hung-Chia Chou)

指導教授 ： 謝國煌

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01007

摘要

本高分子奈米複合材料之研究重點在於討論聚乳酸基工程塑膠材料的可行性，使聚乳酸基環保材料為一極具可能的潛力產品。此實驗研究設定在討論熱塑性聚氨酯增韌聚乳酸/蒙脫土奈米複合材料的結晶性、熱性質與機械性質。本研究的目的是為了提高此類材料的應用性及適用性，在不大幅降低其生物降解性的前提之下，使其規格達到商品化產品應用的需求。拉伸試驗和彎曲試驗的結果顯示此聚氨酯/聚乳酸高分子基材在混合10％聚氨酯、4％的滑石粉、並添加2％的改質奈米蒙托土下有最好的彈性模數和機械強度，且未大幅降低其強延展性，而耐衝擊試驗的結果則顯示相同的配方在不添加奈米蒙托土的情況下，擁有最高的耐衝擊強度33.07 J/m。硬度測試的結果與彈性模數有類似的趨勢。熱變形溫度測試結果顯現，在未經退火處理的條件下，添加無機添加物的試片仍無法提升其熱變形溫度，但在經過熱處理後，所有的試片的熱變形溫度都有顯著的提升，這可能是由於熱處理後造成結晶度提升的結果。在電子顯微鏡下觀察顯現，加入無機添加物會導致從原本的非勻相的聚乳酸/聚氨酯混摻形態有很大幅度的改變。另一方面，玻璃纖維的添加有助於明顯提高此奈米複合材料的機械強度而不影響其原本的熱性質。總言之本項研究提供一條對於以傳統製程方式製備可生物降解工程塑膠的可行途徑。

關鍵字

聚乳酸 ； 熱塑性聚氨酯 ； 蒙脫土 ； 奈米複合材料 ； 玻璃纖維 ； 工程塑料 ； 可降解塑料

並列摘要

This study of polymer nanocomposites was focused on the discussion of feasibility that PLA based plastics that can be used on automobile or furniture. This experimental research have been set on the discussion of crystallinity, mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) toughened PLA/ montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, and the goal of this research is to improve their applicability and sustainability to reach the requirements of application on commercial products without much sacrifice in their biodegradability. The tensile test and flexural test showed that PLA blending with TPU in 10 wt %, talc in 4 wt%, and OMC in 2 wt% owes the highest modulus and strength without much sacrifice for elongation while the result form impact test show that the specimen of similar formula without OMC displays the highest impact resistance of 33.07 J/m. The hardness test showed similar tendency with the results of elastic modulus. The heat distortion temperature (HDT) tests showed that the specimens without annealing would not much alter their HDT even adding inorganic fillers while the specimens with thermal treatment would dramatically raise the HDT, which may come from the increase of crystallinity after thermal treatment. The observation under electron microscope demonstrated that the incorporation of inorganic fillers would dramatically alter the heterogeneous morphology of PLA/TPU blending. On the other hand, the incorporation of glass fiber in these nanocomposites showed the significant enhancement of mechanical strength with no interference on their thermal behaviors. In the conclusion, this research provides a possible route to prepare biodegradable engineering plastics in traditional method.

並列關鍵字

Polylactide (PLA) ； Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) ； Montmorillonite (MMT) ； Nanocomposites ； Glass fiber ； Engineering plastics ； Biodegradable plastics

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